The Dawn of Ancient Greek Heroism

The unwitting drubbing of Leonidas and the thousands of Spartans at the involvement of action of Thermopylae has confounded the minds of many historians and has compelled them to deduce any achievable logical explanation.Sparta was a superpower at the time of ancient Greece. The Greek historian Xenophon, express that it had the greatest power of any Greek community hardly overly genius of the smallest populations (Powell, 2001, p. 218).The Spartan nine was known for its patriotism, and courage in war.1 The counsel of upbringing of the society was unique for Sparta, where it emphasized the development of the physique thru unequivocal military training for both boys and girls at a very ahead of time age.2 This intensely strict mandate has produced the psychology of dying rather than spank at war.3 The outstanding accomplishment that was born out of this way of donjon was a supreme military. Sparta seemed unconquerable with a population who would choose termination over loss at battle and a military feared by other polis. The strength of heart of the Spartans, however, was put to the test during the famous Battle of Thermopylae.King Leonidas lead an the States of 4000 to defend the straits of Thermopylae from the attacking Persians. They fought courageously, adult big losses to the army of Persian emperor Xerxes but suffered defeat when a Greek traitor told Xerxes of an alternative trail to attack the Spartans. Upon designed this treachery, Leonidas sent away most of his army and faced the Persians with the remaining 300. Leonidas and his army fought with all courage and hand outd as heroes.4That point of Greek history was arguably Spartans finest hour (Caltredge, 2002) and became an outstanding source of inspiration to poets and literary figures who tried to immortalize that event. Francois Rene de Chateaubriand (Bernard 2003) described the event, thusI can non describe the preoccupied feelings which overpowered me. The hill at whose foot I stood was, accordingly, the hill of the citadel of Sparta. I dismounted, and ran all the way up the hill of the citadel. As I reached the top, the sunniness was rising behind the Menelaian hills. What a beautiful spectacle But how melancholy I stood motionless, in a kind stupor. A mixture of admiration and distress checked my steps and my thoughts the silence round me was profound. Wishing, at least, to make reverberation speak in a spot where the human voice is no longer heard, I shouted with all my might, Leonidas No ruin ingeminate this great name, and Sparta herself seemed to have forgotten it. (p. 1)Herodotus attributed that courageous decision of Leonidas and his army to die to the fulfillment of the oracle at Delphi, where Sparta would decide to sacrifice its king or to suffer the obliteration of the whole city.5 However, it would be unreasonable to always coincide the truth of the oracle since it is only a conjecture, an alternative explanation to the debacle take in d by mans wrong decision-making so he whitethorn non be blamed.6 In order not to attribute events to the supernatural, one must therefore, peruse the history book again, look for the most possible and grave explanation, and find the reasons that would satisfy logic.One can look at both things the form of government and the way of life. These are mutually inclusive ideas however these are looked upon as factors that would affect the standards of morality of society. The Greek historian Theopompus sees democracy, the governmental system of Sparta, as a way leading to luxury and betting living, and luxury is thoroughly corrupting (Flower, 1994, p.79), assuming this is true for Sparta, democracy would not explicate the heroism of Leonidas and his army.The Spartan way of life however, revolves around the education of its young to go the warriors that could protect its city. Therefore, the education of the Spartan society would explain the rationale behind this tragic decision. Ever y man in Sparta underwent close physical training, and in this process, patriotism was being built. The decision to die for society was being taught along the process. When one sees death better to taste than defeat, it would become easy to die and accept the reality of dying. For this society, it is scornful to be a coward and glorious to die at the battlefield.Caltredge (2002) cited in his articleSpartan wives and mothers were not shrieking violets. They openly berated and chastised any hint of cowardice in their sons. They wept rupture of pain if their son or husband came back safe but defeated from battle, tears of joy if he died in a kind cause.The Spartan way of educating their citizens that the way to glory is thru death at battle has driven Leonidas and his men to carry on fighting until death, because only then can they show that indeed, it is glorious to die for a good cause rather than be defeated.Notes1 incur Pomeroy (1999, p.132).2 See Starr (1965, p. 258) for a det ailed comment of the education of men Caltredge (2002) for the description of the education of women.3 See Caltredge (2002).4 See Platts (1865, p. 258).5 See Hodkinson (1994).6 See the footnote on Dyer (1894, p.52).ReferencesBernard, A. (2003 Spring). Common Place Book Ruins.American Scholar, 72(2), 1.Cartledge, P. (2002 August). To grumble For? Paul Cartledge Sees Ancient Spartan Society and Its Fierce Code of mention as Something Still Relevant Today. History Today, 52(20), 1.Dyer, L. (1894). Studies of the Gods in Greece at sure Sanctuaries Recently Excavated Being Eight Lectures Given in 1980 at the Lowell Institute. impertinently York Macmillan and Co.Flower, M. (1994). Theopompus of Chios. spic-and-span York Oxford University Press.Hodkinson, S. (1994). The Shadow of Sparta.New York Routledge.Pomeroy, S. (1999). Ancient Greece A Political, Social andCultural History. New York Oxford University Press.Platts, J. (1826). A New Universal Biography.London Sherwood, Jones, and Co.Starr, C. (1965). A History of the Ancient World.New York Oxford University Press.

Nursing Servant Leadership Paper Essay

As we develop into attractions, one of the things we extremity to know is what it agency to be a servant drawing card. Today such examples ar greatly lacking. servant leaders is a choice by a leader to follow the example of The Jesus rescuer and The Mformer(a) Teresa and lead by serving, becoming a bondservant and giving his life for others. Servant leadership is an midland attitude of the heart by which a person contracts to place himself or herself under the leadership of Jesus Christ and Mother Teresa. Christ very much invited people to follow him. Some followed and many did non. unmatched of the things to look is the diversity between obedience and submission. A person in authority or general leader in our present society dismiss keep in line for obedience. Submission, on the other hand, is a choice by the follower to choose to follow a leader, and also an inner attitude of the heart can never be commanded. Some chose to submit to Christ and followed him.Many ch ose not to submit to Christ and followed other ghostly leaders. Christ gives us the independence to make the choice not to follow or submit. Most religious leaders out there serve the people and familiarity first. The symptomatics of a servant leadership as seen by Robert Greenleaf are auditory modality, empathy, healing, awareness, horizon, abstractization, foresight, stewardship, commitment to the exploitation of people and grammatical construction the community. (Greenleaf, 2002, p. 19-25) The first and most important characteristic of an small servant leader is listening. A servant leader always listens to the concerns of his/her co- rickers, lag members, or patients and tries to find the most appropriate or the best closure to a problem. Leaders corroborate tralatitiously been valued for their communication and finality- fashioning skills. Although these are also important skills for servant leaders, they need to be reinforced by a deep commitment to listen inten tly to others. By listening intently, servant leaders seek to identify the will of their group members and answer to clarify that will.For example, Mother Teresa had always listened to the concerns and conditions of the shortsighted and needy people therefore, she devote her life into servicing and taking care of people who needed uphold and fulfilled her main purpose in life by recollect that, Service to human is service to God Listening is essential to the appendage and well- world of a servant leader. Second, empathy is another(prenominal) important characteristic of an polished leader. A servant leader strives to understand and empathize with others. People need to be accepted andrecognized for their specialty and uniqueness. An excellent servant leader assumes the good intentions of co-workers and colleagues and does not reject them as people, even when one whitethorn be forced to accept certain behaviors. For example, Mother Teresa said that, The biggest disorder today is not leprosy or tuberculosis, but kind of the feeling of being unwanted.We can see Mother Teresa in her missionary work because she had completed orphanages, leprosy outreach clinics, shelters for the homeless, the poor, the dis subjectd, and the blind. Third, healing is one of the most vital characteristics of an excellent servant leader. One of the greatest strengths of servant leadership is the potential for healing ones self and ones relationship to others. Many people have broken spirits and suffered from a variety of emotional hurts. Although this is a office staff of being human, servant leaders recognize that they have an opportunity to friend those with whom they come into contact. For example, Mother Teresa showed her empathy toward the diseased and hungry people by providing them with bandages, medicine, and alimentary food. Fourth, a crucial characteristic of an excellent servant leader is awareness. command awareness, especially self-awareness, strengthens serv ant leaders.Awareness helps one to understand issues involving ethics, power, and values. It lends itself to being able to view most situations from a much integrated, holistic position. For example, Jesus Christ had cured many people who were suffering from leprosy and gave life to many out of work people, but he told them not to tell anyone because Jesus Christ knew that further he could make miracle happen, and if rumor had spread about his miracle, then his work of service would be opposed by other religious leaders. Fifth, another important characteristic of servant leaders is reliance on persuasion, sort of than using ones positional authority in making decisions within an organization. A successful servant leader seeks to convince others, rather than giving orders to their workers to follow his/her decision. This particular element offers one of the clearest distinctions between the traditional authoritarian model and that of servant leadership. A servant leader is telli ng at structure harmony within his/her group.For example, Mother Teresa had persuaded others to help her excrete the poverty and diseases by providing medicine, bandages, food, and clothes to people who needed them. The sixth characteristic of an excellent servant leader is conceptualization and foresight. The expertness tolook at a problem from a conceptualizing perspective means that one essential think beyond day-to-day realities. While a traditional leader is more comparablely to be consumed by the need to achieve short-term operational goals. A servant leader, instead, stretches his or her thinking to encompass broader-based conceptual thinking. The ability to conceptualize is also very closely related to the ability to have foresight. Foresight is a characteristic that enables the servant leader to understand the lessons from the past, the realities of the present, and the comparablely consequences of a decision for the future. For example, Mother Teresa knew that altho ugh she followed Catholicism, she should not preach her morality to people since it would be opposed by the Hindus because they would think that Mother Teresa was converting them from Hinduism to Christianity, and the political science of India would stop her service to humanity.The seventh essential characteristic of an excellent servant leader is stewardship. As per definition.com, the stewardship is defined as, holding something in trust for another. Stewardship means an institution in which CEO, staff members, and trustees all play significant roles in holding their institutions in trust for the greater good of society. Servant leadership, like stewardship, assumes first and foremost a commitment to serving the needs of others. It also emphasizes the use of openness and persuasion, rather than control. For example, Mother Teresa used her ability of persuasion to tell others to help her in the noble cause and invited decision of every individual to give better care and services to diseased and poor people. The eighth and essential characteristic of an excellent servant leader is a commitment to the growth of people and building community. Servant leaders believe that people have an intrinsic value beyond their contributions as workers.A servant leader also recognizes the tremendous responsibility to do everything in his or her power to nurture personal and professional growth of employees and colleagues. In practice, this can include actions such as making funds on hand(predicate) for personal and professional development, and encouraging workers to be involved in decision-making. Servant leaders also seek to identify some means for building community among those who work within a given institution. Servant leadership suggests that true community can be created among those who work in businesses and other institutions.For example, Mother Teresa had persuaded others to help her with raisingfunds to establish clinics for people with diseases and to demoral ise clothes, slippers, and food for poor people. By doing this, she had built a better community within society in many countries of the world. At last, I would like to conclude that servant leaders seek to involve others in decision making, and servant leadership is strongly based on ethical and condole with behaviors. It also enhances the growth of workers while improving the caring and quality of organizational life by employing the characteristics like listening, empathy, healing, awareness, persuasion, conceptualization, foresight, stewardship, and commitment to the growth of people and building the community. Indeed, servant leadership offers great hope for the future in creating better, more caring, institutions.

Examine the Reasons for Domestic Violence in Society

Examine the patterns of and groundss for domestic furiousness in society (24 marks) property(prenominal) madness is defined as physical, sexual or financial wildness taking place within an intimate or family type affinity and forms a pattern of coercive and controlling behaviour. There be many another(prenominal) patterns and reasons for domestic force which alone(prenominal) sociologist has a different view upon. domesticated personnel affects certain citizenry more than others as they atomic number 18 more vulnerable or stress is caused.These people include children, people animation in rented accommodation, lower social classes or people with a family appendage who has a problem with drinking or illegal drugs. Richard Williamson sees domestic violence as a result of stress caused by these factors. Homes with overcrowding or worries round money tend to be more affected from domestic violence because it causes stress and argu custodyts between family members and a lso reduces the social support a family needs.Dobash & Dobashs research in Scotland based on police and court records and interviews with women break up many patterns of domestic violence in society. They bring that nearly 1 in 4 women have been assaulted but a partner and 1 in 5 it was repeatedly they also found that most victims are women and 99% of the incidents are committed by men. These patterns are not coloured as the research was carried out by a member of each sex however this data is not accurate as it is found from Scottish police and court records and not all domestic violence cases are reported to the police.The Feminist view of domestic violence is that families shouldnt be patriarchal where the masculine is dominant because it steers to wives being abused. Kate Millett and Shulamith Firestone argue that all societies have been founded on patriarchy and see the division between men and women in society as a division where men are the exploiters of women. Althoug h they see marriage and family as key institutions they say that they are the main source of womens oppression and that married men dominate their wives by means of domestic violence. However, Faith Robertson Elliot opposes this by aying not all men are aggressive and oppose domestic violence it is also proved from Mirrlees sinister that 1 in 7 men have been assaulted and 1 in 20 repeatedly. Feminists ignore the abuse and violence from women as they believe that the reason for domestic violence in families is due to the husband wanting to prevail his dominant status. The New decentlys view is the total opposite of the Feminists and believes that the Nanny pass on is too much and the government should let families get on with their avow lives instead of paying them money when they dont have enough.When people dont adopt the Nanny state it can lead to domestic violence as it causes stress through money problems in the family and doesnt let the wife get away from domestic violen ce as shell have no financial support. However the New Right like this as the nuclear family cant be unaffectionate due to the lack of money the wife would have if they did therefore maintaining the male dominance. The Marxist view on domestic violence is very like to the New Right as they believe that wives rely on their husbands being a unit of consumption.Marxists believe that domestic violence is acceptable as husbands need to take out their frustration on their wives when they get home from work. They feel that husbands need to do this so that they are relaxed for the next day to perform their role of the bread winner. Therefore, although domestic violence is badly Marxists believe that both sexes rely on each other for either financial support or a stress reliever so domestic violence is essential in a Marxist society.

Key characteristics and the pioneers in avant-garde music

Minimalism originated in the sass, as a movement that sought to stray from the previous decade of self-expressionism as well as the contemporary tr stamp outs of intellectual interlockingities swag in consequent harmony. Marked by repetitive mitotic and rhythmic patterns, it sought to emphasize simpleness in both melodic lines and harmonic progressions. In contrast to successive symphonys favored chromatic compositional proficiencys, minimalist euphony was wholly diatonic and consonant in nature. Textural consistency and layered melodies/rhythms gave flair to procrastinating changes, play up the process of harmony, tater than a particular melodyal goal or specialised form.Seemingly lacking a climax, each composition unfolded by a series of repeating motives and additive rhythms extended everywhere long periods of time. Influenced by Asiatic and African music, minimalism understated dramatic structures and sounds, instead emphasizing the diminution of musical theater structures. During the sass, a group of young American composers vouched for the return of basic elements of music, with protrude dramatic structures and abstract expressionism. Many were influenced by the compositions of John Cage, including several lede gurus of the minimalist movement Terry Riley, Steve Reich, and Philip Glass.A graduate of Berkeley, Riley opposed the chromatic and twelve-tone literary works of serial music. Like many of his contemporaries, Riley experimented with tape loops in his compositions and bridged the gap among the new avian-garden and the piqued interest of rock music. Riley was itemally interested in writing works for live audiences, as these proved more effective in conveying the so-called avian-garden sounds. Successful in its reception, this kind of experimental music appealed to the public as t grew in popularity and acceptance his music was inclusive and non-elite.Varying degrees of musical experience and backgrounds were encouraged. An exc ellent example of this can be comprise in his composition, In C. Written in 1964, In C did non necessarily require the skills of highly trained musicians to be performed. The piece lasts 44 minutes, although one would not suspect it to be so lengthy as it only contains fifty-three modules in total. Any number of instruments could play at a given time either at the original pitch or at any octave transposition. Each of the fifty-three modules were to be looped in other words, they should be repeated ad labium before locomote on to the next module.Moreover, articulations and dynamics were to be performed ad labium. The work in conclusion concluded when all of the performers had arrived at the last module. While it appears that Riley music contains a diversity of anything goes mentality, it is quite the contrary in some respects. In choosing instruments for the factual performance, Riley suggested that all players maintain an eighth-note pulse, which was audibly come upond by an instrumentalist who contend the top octave of CSS, most likely plan n a piano or xylophone. Furthermore, Riley favored more homogeneous sound thus, instruments that consisted of specific timbres and ranges were discouraged.In C was a prime example in proving that minimalist music was not music void of regulations and rules rather, it melodic thememed from algorithms. Riley considered these algorithms fundamental to his music evening if they appe atomic number 18d loose by nature. Interestingly enough, the C-pulse in Riley work was not his experience idea, but instead that of another contemporary, Steve Reich. Reich was born in 1936 and his compositions were heavily influenced by non- westerly traditions. He studied African drumming, which involved complex counterpoint, and Balinese gametal music, with its complex layering and fast interlocking patterns.Quite different in background from Riley, Reich was born into stiff and high-class family in New York. Having had traditiona l piano lessons growing up, an signal education at Cornell with a major in Philosophy, and graduate studies at the Jailbird School in traditional composition, Reich last found his path in composing twentieth-century music. Upon listening to recordings of Stravinsky Rite of Spring, Bachs Brandenburg Concertos, and bebop in succession, Riches highly-developed a new musical obsession, what theorists would call, subtractive pulse. It is steady, audible pulse that is a lot palpable (found in, In C).Eventually, Reich experimented phase shifting. with multiple tape loops, Just as Riley did, and the idea of piecemeal Phase shifting is a compositional technique in which a repetitive motive is played on deuce instruments, in a steady but not identical tempo. Eventually, the instruments shift out of unison and the musical result resembles a ringing or restate effect, but ultimately, returns to unison. The gradual shifting is initially subtle, due to the fact that the beginning Tempe are virtually identical, but over time, the differences in Tempe increase and become such(prenominal) more apparent.In some live performances, the gradual phase shifting is solely too subtle, thus forcing the performer to either add or necessitate a note, resulting in a shift by a wiz beat. Piano Phase was Riches first attempt at gradual phase shifting in a live performance. Later, Reich experimented with more immediate and less gradual changes in his Clapping Music. Philip Glass, also influenced by African and Indonesian music, collaborated with Reich for many performances, as they both sought to minimalism the compositional techniques of occidental music, counterpoint, and part-writing.Maintaining commonality in elements of peculiar(a) range of pitch and accentuation on constant melodic and rhythmic repetitions, Glasss music initially resembled Riches in many ways however, his compositional techniques differed somewhat towards his latter years. While Reich apply melodic and r hythmic repetition to gradually transform his music, Glass utilize additive Hitachi processes, a technique that augmented small melodic units over the course of the piece. This was distinctively different from Riches phasing strategies.For instance, in Glasss Music in Fifths, the original eight-note motive is expanded by the addition of several notes and afterwards grows to two hundred notes. Similar to Reich, Glasss compositional style began simpler, but eventually evolved into slightly more complex minimalist techniques. At first, his choice of textures were limited to unison and octave doubling, as evidenced in Music in Fifths but later, he rated more complex textures in choral voices found in his Music in Similar Motion.His more recent music has evolved using simple harmonic progressions of a traditional style, but unruffled adheres to the idea of reduction and perpetual repetition. During the sass, Glass began scripting works for the stage, including several operas brain on the Beach (1975), Straight (1980), and Keenan (1983). At this time, skepticism surrounded the conception of opera in modern times. Nonetheless, Glasss operas were tremendously significant in re-igniting eagerness for this genre. Of course, anthropometry opera contrasted greatly to those of Western traditions, as it consisted of non-narratives and musical theatre settings.Glass much performed in his own ensemble, the Phillip Glass Ensemble, mainly consisting of amplified woodwinds, keyboard synthesizers, and solo vocals. Minimalist music revolutionized the way listeners heard music during the twentieth-century. Due to its simplistic sonorities, repeating rhythms and melodies, minimalist music could often be heard as a fictional character of trance music. Its pulse unwavering, audible, and undeniably transparent, the listener is brought into an almost hypnotic Tate of mind. This sort of listening results in a somewhat passive participation, rather than active aural and unrestrain ed involvement.Undoubtedly, minimalist music has an almost static quality to its sound, with its pulsating rhythms and steady tempos. Oriels bewitchment with subtractive pulses, catapulted the interest of avian-garden music amongst amateur and professional musicians alike. A open up in the minimalism movement, Philip Glass certainly understood the intent of this music to its listeners. To fully grasp his compositional works, he required the audience to hear music as a presence, free room any sort of structural expectation or dramatic form.It was often heard as anti- climatic, and worked best for dramatic actions on stage or on screen. greenness among the composers of this period was the ideology of less is more. Reduction and striping of the old styles were accentuated in performances, and listeners were give in to a new kind of musical experience compared to previous centuries past. winning advantage of current technologies including records, broadcasts, and electronic instru ments, Riley, Reich, and Glass incorporated these technological advances into their music.Typically, electronic instruments and pitches were utilized in minimalist music, as these particular sounds highlighted the monotony and anadiplosis of melodic and rhythmic cells. Prior to the twentieth-century, instruments were played and heard by way of inflection and nuance, whereas minimalist music omitted any sort of variance in expressive sound. Academic surrealist composers often dismissed the work of the non-academic avian-garden minimalists, but to the minimalist composer, music could be void of numbers and musical maps. Past Western traditions were based on rules and structures, cost of which minimalist composers rejected.The ideology that music should stem from reduced musical elements, and that their growth should be gradual and rather organic, pinned this musical genre as experimental and innovative. Transformation was marked by gradual processes and superfluous elements were di sregarded and deemed unnecessary. The process of development was more important than the end result, much like the idea that Joy and self-evolution is found in the move and not Just in achieving it. Minimalism opposed the conservative or nostalgic and sought no return to older styles.

Animal Farm’s Totalitarian Leader Essay

Animal Farms leader, cat sleep, has all the power. He is able-bodied to build up and hold onto that power as a totalitarian leader, which is a central g all overnment that controls over all aspect of life. snooze did many a(prenominal) different things to get to that power and hold onto it.nap firstborn took charge after the rebellion against Mr. Jones. He and Snowball, who was the another(prenominal) smart dogshit on the farm, wrote the seven commandments. The other physicals dont hump how to read, so Snowball needed to read it to them. Never mind the milk, comrades cried pile.(Orwell 44). So the animals marched cut to the hayfield to begin harvest, and when they came covering in the flush it was noticed that the milk had disappe bed.(44) So the animals trooped down to the hayfield to begin the harvest, and when they came back in the evening it was noticed that the milk had disappeared.(44) Comrades he cried. You do not imagine, I hope, that we pigs are doing this in a spirit of selfishness and privilege? Many of us really dislike milk and apples.I dislike them myself. Our sole object in taking these things is to preserve our health. Milk and apples (this has been proved by Science, comrades) contain substances perfectly necessary to the well-being of a pig. We pigs are brainworkers. The whole management and judicature of this farm depend on us. Day and night we are watching over your welfare. It is for YOUR sake that we drink that milk and eat those apples. Do you know what would happen if we pigs failed in our duty? Jones would come back Yes, Jones would come back(52). catnap and Snowball sent squealer to strike the animals with fear that Jones exponent return, and stole the apple and milk from them because they require it.Napoleon took care of everyone who was a threat to him. At this there was a terrible baying sound outside, and cabaret enormous dogs wearing brass-studded collars came bounding into the barn. They dashed straight for Snowball, who only sprang from his place unspoiled in time to escape their snapping jaws. (66) Napoleon got rid of Snowball because he was a threat to his power. Snowball was in favor of helping the farm, and Napoleon just wanted to get the power for himself. To the amazement of everybody, trey of them flung themselves upon meat packer. Boxer saw them coming and put out his great hoof, caught a dog in mid-air, and pinned him to the ground. The dog shrieked for mercy and the other twain fled with their tails between their legs. Boxer looked at Napoleon to know whether he should crush the dog to death or let it go.Napoleon appeared to neuter countenance and sharply ordered Boxer to let the dog go, whereat Boxer lifted his hoof, and the dog slunk away, bruised and howling.(92) Napoleon tried to get Boxer killed scarcely Boxer did not realize that, thats why Napoleon countenance. Napoleon tried to get Boxer killed because everyone looked up to him, and he was loyal to Napoleon. Alfred Simmonds, knight Slaughterer and Glue Boiler, Willingdon. Dealer in Hides and Bone-Meal. Kennels Supplied. Do you not take care what that means? They are taking Boxer to the knackers(123).Everyone thought Napoleon was sending Boxer to the hospital, but really they were going to kill him.Napoleon tried keeping all of the animals dumb so it can be easier to take advantage of them. It was the most affecting sight I make ever seen said dirty dog, lifting his trotter and wiping away a tear. I was at his bedside at the very last. And at the end, almost too weak to speak, he whispered in my ear that his sole sorrow was to have passed on before the windmill was finished. Forward, comrades he whispered. Forward in the name of the Rebellion. big live Animal Farm Long live Comrade Napoleon Napoleon is always right. Those were his very last words, comrades. Here Squealers demeanor suddenly changed. He fell silent for a moment, and his smallish eyes darted suspicious glances from si de to side before he proceeded.(125) Squealer easily lied to them about them taking Napoleon to the hospital.Napoleon changed the septet Commandments without the animals knowing, because they were working too much to have time to read. The original Commandments were1. whatsoever goes upon two legs is an enemy. 2. Whatever goes upon four legs, or has wings, is a friend. 3. No animal shall wear clothes. 4. No animal shall sleep in a bed. 5. No animal shall drink alcohol. 6. No animal shall kill any other animal. 7. All animals are equal. (43) In the end, Napoleon took them all out and leftover only one Four legs good, Two legs better.Napoleon used many different techniques to build up and hold onto the power he has over Animal Farm. He kept the animals dumb, got rid of his threats and changed the commandments.

Breast Cancer Information Essay Essay

mamilla crabby person is the malignant run of tumor that develops from the rapper cells and is the or so jet form of crabby person invasive in women worldwide. This is considered second in malignancy afterward p be down crabby person in women. It starts from the inner lining of the milk ducts and diffuses to the surrounding tissue. Breast is composed of microscopic cells, which multiply in an orderly manner with senior(a) cells creation replaced by new cells. Uncontrolled multiplication of cells in a progressive manner is the phenomenon in crabmeat. Milk duct is the most common spot for the poopcer to begin and this form is also known as ductal carcinoma. While most look genus Cancer strips occur in women, potent breast cancer is also r arly display.Breast cancer has devil forms invasive and non-invasive. Invasive form of breast cancer is where the cancer cells fall the nearby tissue from indoors the lobules. In much(prenominal) cases, cancer cells partake th e lymph nodes and reach other organs through metastasis. Liver, lungs and bones whitethorn total affected. The cancer cells whitethorn even reach other body move by traveling through bloodstream or lymphatic system. Non-invasive form of breast cancer is where the cancer cells argon limited to the origin i.e. inside the lobules. It is usually the pre-cancerous defend where cancer cells havent actually spread outside the place of origin and are in situ. This over a period of time develops into invasive breast cancer. The attribute of breast cancer determines the treatment to be carried out in each case.For breast cancer to be diagnosed it is important that its symptoms be known. The signs of breast cancer that are diaphanous to the affected role include headache or pain. Sometimes a heedless or swelling may develop. Symptoms are what the doctor can get like thickening of the tissue in the womans breast. front man of lumps is not a sure sign of cancer as lumps command not be cancerous incessantlyy time. It is important to get a health harmonise up make by professional in case of lumps. Here are some known signs and symptoms which women report onward the detection of breast cancer and need be diagnosed for analysis1. ignition of skin2. Lump formation in the breast3. Pain in armpits or breast not during menstrual cycle but differently 4. Swelling in the armpits(lumps)5. Nipples of breast hug druging sunken or invert6. Change in size and shape of breast7. Rash present around the nipples8. Thickened tissue of breast9. Discharge which may be that of blood from the nipples10. Peeling, scaling or flaking of skin of nipples or breastIt mustiness be noted that these symptoms are not confirmatory indicators of breast cancer but are only a possible sign of malignancy. It may rather be a cyst or infection that causes such symptoms. In cases where diagnosis gives positive results, further treatment and course of follow up needs to be started by the medical professional. Determination of cancer type and its grade and also if genetic mutation is responsible for it or if it is hormone receptive is to be done. Positive breast cancer determination gives uprising to the need for determining whether the cancerous cells have spread to other organs, tissues or bones. Effective treatments can cure the cancer or prevent it from bedcover further. Local or systematic treatment based on the size, constitution and extent of tumor is carried out post diagnosis. Surgery and radiation are means of local treatment where cancer cells are tried to be destroyed without affecting the other body parts or rest body.Breast-sparing lumpectomy or mastectomy in aggressive form where the broad(a) breast may have to be removed can be done as a part of the surgery. Systematic treatments involve shoot foring of bloodstream in the entire body and are given through mouth to reach target cancer cells. Toxic drugs such as cyclophoshamide or methotrexate may be us ed in such treatments. Biological treatment is the most recent form where therapy is used to strengthen the immune system to shin the cancer cells and curb the growth of cancer cells which have protein in higher(prenominal) levels. Which treatment regimen is adopted for a patient depends upon the age, type and phase of cancer. Since women over 50 years of age are most believably to develop cancer, early diagnosis can prevent cancer from fortuity altogether in many cases. Breast cancer screening tests are recommended in women over 40 years of age which are tests done without thepresence of any symptom.Detection is done by self exams, check up by medical experts or clinical mammography. Women who have family floor of cancer must undergo the early screening tests as they are at higher risk of ontogenesis the malignancy through genes. Although causes of breast cancer are not ascertained, there are many factors that can be considered for its likelihood in females. As age progresses, the risk of developing breast cancer grows. Genetics also play a major role. Breast cancer is more common in such women whose nasty relative had ovarian cancer. If a woman had developed the non-invasive problem ever in her life, she is quite likely to develop breast cancer again in lifetime. Breast lumps at some stage can turn into cancer later on.For women with dense breast tissues, the chance of developing breast cancer is always higher. It is very crucial that a breast cancer gets diagnosed for the treatment to begin. The doctors have wider range of options to begin and judge the patients progress and prevent metastasis from occurring. Staging of cancer, i.e. the extent to which cancer has evolved in patients body can be determined only after its diagnosis. Further survival rates are highly dependent upon the type, stage and location of cancer. Women can keep away breast cancer by eating healthy diet, drinking less alcohol and breastfeeding their children besides being physic ally active in their routines. Breast cancer can be managed through surgery or chemotherapy or both in case needed. Risk of reoccurrence is a prominent factor during treatment and thus prevention is always better than cure.

Managing Diversity Essay

1. Put forward a business case for taking a managing diverseness approach at Hinchliffe card.Britain now has one of the most assorted custodys in the world, consisting of a wide slog of religions and ethnic backgrounds. However, variety show is non just acknowledged in terms of religious and ethnic origin. It arouse refer to political looks, age, sexual preference, nationality, colour, etc. in that respectfore, it is absolutely paramount that assortment is managed launchively in parallel with Britain s rapidly changing fond society. The need to manage vicissitude is even greater after the events of 9/11 as the worlds societies get under ones skin become to a greater design politically charged and involved than ever before. Attached to revolution is the concept of equivalence from which any contentious questions arise. One such issue is the extent to which UK arrangements be fair when it comes to cig atomic number 18tteing equality of opportunity to minority groups in employment.There is a wide range of elements involved in managing diverseness including legislative passations, the handling of equal opportunity issues, as well as the aims of making managing variation work for agreements. The traditional approach has focused on using the legislation driven equal opportunities route in basting stitch issues of mixed bag, and the broad aims of managing diversity ar similar to that of equal opportunities, but managing diversity has a more internal focus. Many of these aims argon bound up with the various legislation that outlaws discrimination on the grounds of sex, pay, race, disability and culpable record* Sex Discrmination form 1975 and 1976.* Equal Pay Act (Amended) 1983.* festinate Relations Act 1976 (Amended 2000).* Disability Discrimination Act 1995.* Rehabilitation of Offenders Act 1974.So why should organisations make the most employee diversity? Well, as mentioned previously, the lay down of our society is changing, a nd businesses must reflect this mixed bag. Wheatley, (p, 30, 2000) juicylights three important trends that exist and are continuing to develop further. Firstly, the UK population is ageing fast. In 2000, at that place were 1.5M few 16-25 year olds entering employment than in 1987. Secondly, ethnic minority groups do up 5.5% of the total UK population at the time of the 1991 census. Thirdly, women now are a large and significant proportion of the UK workforce. Generally, the management of equal opportunity issues involves a social function on the part of the various(prenominal) organisation, accusatory consideration when taking selection decisions, develop a reputation for managing diversity, creating a more healthy business surroundings including high staff morale.Managing diversity also holds huge significance for business growth. Managing diversity also entails issues of organisational agri last that refer to an organisations norms, values and beliefs. A diverse organis ation in which thither is a broad mix of people departing tot to the social dimension of the organisation and help to reduce the under-representation see by minority groups. Managing diversity is an internally driven proactive apparatus that acknowledges the interests of these groups. Moreover, at a strategic level, managing diversity involves* Board level participation, responsibility and accountability on diversity issues* Links to all business plans and benefits at all levels* Employee ownership of diversity objectives* Commitment of resources for training and research* A proactive diversity approach to recruitment, marketing and supplier selection* The grammatical construction of diversity issues into recruitment, performance and reward systems.Source Wheatley, (p. 32, 2000)Managing diversity focuses on the individual as opposed to Equal Opportunity (EO) that focuses on treating individuals as groups. Managing diversity (MD) goes beyond the EO perspective. It acknowledges differences in a more irrefutable light. It does this by intending to proliferate staff performance, generating greater flexibility in the workforce and work practices as well as making organisations more equitable. It endeavours to use the differences to the benefit of the organisation. As stated by kandolla and Fullerton, the concept of managing diversity is founded on the premise that harnessing these differences leave alone create a productive environment in which everyone willing scent valued, where there talents are fully valued, where there talents are fully utilised, and in which organisational goals are met1.Whilst EO is legally driven, and subject to the achievement of the performance target, MD seeks to meet diverse interests. MD will also enable organisations to become a good bodied citizen, by ensuring that the workforce reflects the (local) population. Moreover, having a diverse workforce will help organisations explore new markets or client groups as MD adds to the social dimension of the organisation. This is particularly relevant after the events of 9/11, which require good understanding of race and heathen issues. In a business sense, it is important to have a workforce that understands diverse cultural backgrounds, especially as businesses become more internationalised.As stated above, MD uses individual differences and recognises them as strengths and talents, which help to dismantle barriers which otherwise prevent them from doing so. MD also brings with it in-built proactive measures such as maternity leave, flexible working patterns etc By doing so, organisations can improve their efforts in meeting their customers needs and increase their organisations profile. Under MD, people are acknowledged as the nucleus the organisation, and organisations can benefit from the following* MD recognises that female managers have distinct managerial styles and abilities* Mature workers can base on balls organisations increased reliability, st ability, quality, experience and overall efficiency* Members of ethnic groups can provide a rich and cultural experience at work* alter people can offer highly developed problem resolution and analytical skills because they operate in an inaccessible environment* Individuals can scent confident in their abilities and their contribution to the organisation* MD will add to the creative side of the organisation* MD views employees as an invaluable addition* MD recognises the need for n-going training* Increased emphasis and responsibility to diversity issues* Better recruitment, retention and performance systems.MD provides a more naive and proactive method of transaction with employee diversity. This involves a fundamental transformation of the organisations working practices, making it more staff-friendly, re-consider the management structure and stick in more fairer recruitment and retention procedures. MD eliminates barriers to opportunity by recognising differences of individ uals as dictatorial strengths that can be used to develop a culture of diversity. Successful companies are those that are able to monitor and meet shifts in social expectations, to control risks and to anticipate market opportunities. Businesses that have the vision and the will to create an enabling environment for diverse parts of the community will prosper.2. Analyse how the human resources activities might have to be changed at Hinchliffe Cards and make recommendations based on your analysis.The main problem the company is having is managing diversity while the organisation is evolving. The case study highlights many issues, which are basically flawed in creating a more diverse productive organisation. At present 70 % of Hinchliffe Cards workforce is made up of women. There is only one woman manager indoors the organisation dealing with HRM, which is not a primarily authorative role.These statistics are very worrying when you consider that projections show that in less than t en years time there will be two million more jobs within the miserliness 80% of which will be filled by women2. In request to meet with theses changes Hinchliffe Cards would have to consider having more women in lead and decision making positions. Many factors may have led to this deprivation of women in older positions, like discrimination due to family commitments, womens lack of confidence, the attitudes of senior executives or even men seeing women as a threat. nonetheless organisations which fail to utilise the potential of women managers will be commiting economic suicicde(Davidson, 1991). As women managers come with many potential benefits i.e, participative and caring management styles .Hinchliffe Cards have also started to use casual labour during the spring months to deal with the Christmas hold. everyplace this period they use 20 casual workers to help operate close to of the more sophisticated machines during this period. This is due to the current shortage of skill within the industry. This has been met by much discontent from the full time worker who doesnt believe they have the same pride in their work, which affects its quality and in the end the workforces bonuses. Hinchliffe cards should really be working trying providing a positive encyclopedism environment for all staff. A positive learning environment is one in which the values of the organisation include the expressed and acted on belief that the development of its human capital through effective learning is necessary or achieving a competitive environment. The existence of such a environment depends on the active encouragement and support of top management, the belief by lie managers that learning and development activities pay off, and the extent to which the workforce are motivated to learnThe female workers are also kvetch about the opportunities open to them within the company, as they have not been develop on the multiplex machines. They feel left out as these machine s offer the highest rewards in terms of bonus. In addition to this they are also implicated about the long hours they are made to work during peak periods, which is seen to come in with their family life. This shows discrimination towards the female staff in using more complex machinery. This is bad for Hinchliffe cards because taking action on diversity and equality has many benefits for the organisation. According to government research it can lead to offend recruitment and retention- followed with better morale and performance. If this discrimination and unfair treatment can be reduced, it can have a knock on effect on grievances and relations in the organisation.This can reduce absenteeism and labour turnover rate by enhancing employees attachment to the organisation and have a positive effect on labour productivity. Concerns about being able to sense of equilibrium family life with work is also a major problem. The be for businesses who wear downt meet these needs can be striking. According to British industry, sickness and absence costs cost employers around 10 jillion a year and 30% of this may be related to filter. In a recent survey, over a fith of women said they would change theyre jobs for more flexible arrangements. Employers may incur additional costs in adopting policies to support work-life balance, including increased managerial worloads. Such costs are however generally outweighed by the gains in achieveing strategic objectives.Hinchliffe have also recently outsourced their work to in home workers to cope with recent demand for handmade products. These workers are mainly women from ethnic groups and the company is experiencing a high rate of labour turnover. Due to this the company is thinking of investing in a team of in house designers employed officially by the firm who can be based in the firms headquarters. However the mass of the women arent interested in this option as they fit theyre work around looking after small children. They believe theyre getting a rough deal from the company as materials are often not delivered on time and theyre has been some conversation of covert racism form the company.Senior managers also believe there is position for the company to expand into the EU. The company however would have to be equipped with a workforce with a more diverse range of skills from sales and marketing staff. This would mean being able to speak a assorted European language and be comfortable dealing with managers from different cultures. The current sales and marketing staff however lack these skills.References1. Bunderson J S and Sutcliffe K M (2002) Comparing alternative conceptualizations of functional diversity in management teams process and performance effects, Academy of focus journal, Oct 1, 2002 v45 i4 p875(19)2. Caudron, S., (1990) Monsanto responds to diversity, Personnel Journal, 41, 72-80.3. DNetto B and Sohal A S (1999) benignant resource practices and workforce diversity an empirical assessment, internationalistic Journal of Manpower, Volume 20 Number 8 1999 pp. 530-5474. Jackson, S.E., May, K.E., Whitney, K., 1995, Understanding the dynamics of diversity in decision-making teams, Guzzo, R., Salas, E. and Associates, Team Effectiveness in Decision Making in Organizations, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA, 204-61.5. Jenner L (1994) Diversity management what does it mean, HR Focus, Jan 1994 v71 n1 p11(1)6. Kandola R and Fullerton J (1994) Managing the mosaic diversity in action, IPD (1994), p197. Morrison, A.M. (1992) The New Leaders Guidelines on lead Diversity in America, Jossey-Bass Publishers, San Francisco, CA.8. Mullins L J (2002) Management and organisational behaviour, sixth edition, Prentice Hall, Essex9. Personnel Journal (1994) Diverse networking prompts change, Personnel Journal, lofty 1994 v73 n8 pS20(2)10. Personnel Journal (1995) Open the corporate closet to sexual orientation issues, Personnel Journal, August 1995 v74 n8 p42(7)11. Peters T (1993) Video Management revolution and corporate reinvention, BBC for Business. Cited in Mullins (2002).12. Schreiber, C.T., Price, K.F., Morrison, A., (1993) Workplace diversity and the glass ceiling practices, barriers, possibilities, Human resourcefulness Planning, 16, 2, 51-69.13. Soni V (2000) A Twenty-First-Century Reception for Diversity in the Public domain A Case Study, Public Administration Review, Sept 2000 v60 i5 p39514. Zeffane R M and Mayo G (1994) Career Trends and Staffing Strategies in the 1990s, International Journal of Career Management, Volume 06 Number 5 1994 pp. 30-351 Armstrong, M. (2003)A enchiridion of Human Resource Management practice (9th edition). P1332 www.dti.gov.uk/bestpractice/assets/bdciv.txt