Airborne Express case study Essay Example for Free

mobile exhibit case study Essay mobile Express, an crease express transportation bon ton has succeeded to compete with a few big competitors such as federal Express and United Parcel Service (UPS) regular it does not have funding as much as its competitors. In 1996, it held third position in the industry with 9 share of the market. Even mobile is smaller size company compared to its main competitors, it still skunk survive with the rivalrous advantage through its resources and capabilities. With some extraordinary resources and core competences, a company may have competitive advantage over its competitors, and this is the way small capital company able to compete with its competitors. mobile Express is the first and unaccompanied air express transportation company that owns an airport. Because of the limited control, airborne has purchased an airline at Wilmington in 1980. Since then, the airport became the hub of the company, and all the operations of the company w ere conducted here. It is also the biggest in private owned airport in United States. With the ownership of the airport, Airborne is able to control the operations more easily. Besides that, Airborne does not need to remuneration for any landing or service fees to the airlines company like its competitors. Comparably, Federal Express and UPS own the planes but still need to lease the airport from some other party. It helps Airborne to save a lot of costs.Apart from that, Wilmington airport is one of the strategic airports in United States. It means that the place is having a well live record. For express air transportation industry, weather is a big gene that can affect the effortless business operation. If the weather is bad, the shipments will not be sent to the final destination at the promised time. Time is the promise to the customers and it does affect the confidence of a companys customers.Besides airlines, Airborne also has a complete dust of ground transportation. Wit h the establishment of trucking hubs in some places, Airborne able to deliver the shipment that near to the hub using the ground transport. Almost 25 percent of the companys domestic volume is dealt with ground transport. However, the cost of service by ground transport is not transparent to the customers who assume that the big moneys are flown. Thus, the charge is same with the air-transported goods. equivalence to air transport, ground transportation costs five times swallow. From here, the profit marginhas been increased. In the other way, the company also can offer lower price for ground transportation packages. Instead of making more profit, the company can utilize the low cost benefit to compete with its competitors.In 1996, Airborne Express owned a fleet of 105 aircraft. To keep the capital expenditure down, Airborne has purchased tho used planes. The planes will be modified to go its specification for air express transportation. The cost of purchase and modification is $30million lower than purchasing a new plane. Compare to other companies, a big totality of money is being saved by Airborne. Further more, Airbornes DC-9 and YS-11 aircraft require only two person cockpit crew compared to normal three person crews required in Federal Express and UPS. Labour cost has been saved again. Airborne also have its own maintenance facility in Wilmington. It is the only all-cargo carrier to do so. It can handle most if the maintenance works except major engine repairs. It was estimate that the labour costs of $16 per hour is $49 lesser than the subcontracted labour cost. It was a major source of annual cost savings.Instead of serving all kinds of customers, Airborne decided to focus on serving the require of high volume corporate accounts. It is because the severe competition and the cost of serving small customers. The company is able to establish scheduled pickup routes and use it as ground capacity more efficiently. Due to this factor, the unit cost st ructure has been reduced. According to the Airborne executives, their unit cost is $3 lower than its main competitor, Federal Express. Besides that, because of the different consumer behaviors between different groups, the focusing of the service is one of the ways to win a part of market in severe competition. By matching the needs of the groups, the company will have a better chance to win the customers than its competitors.Another aspects that Airborne get competitive advantage is the human beings of the only privately certified Foreign Trade Zone (FTZ) in United States at its Wilmington hub. In a FTZ, merchandise is tax-free and no tradition duty is paid until it leaves. It is a big attraction to the foreign companies. The companies can keep their inventories in Wilmington hub, and the inventorieswill be delivered to the destination by Airborne when compulsory. The topical anesthetic companies that implement Just-In-Time policy will prefer the service very much. It is becaus e the inventories cost will bear by the suppliers that keep inventories in Airborne hub. For foreign companies, not only can satisfy the needs of local customers, but also can save the cost of tax and duty paid. The FTZ is a good factor that will help Airborne to set foot into the transnational market. However, because of the capital constraint, Airborne still unable to compete with Federal Express and UPS in the international market.Normally, large sizes A-containers are used in the air cargo business. Around $1million per plane is required to install cargo doors to take A-containers. To solve the problem, Airborne has true C-containers that are six times smaller, and can fit through the passenger doors of the aircraft. The equipment to load the C-containers also about 80 percent less expensive than the equipment needed for A-containers. The shape of C-containers also designed to allow maximum utilisation of the plane space. To prevent other competitors copy the design, Airborne has taken out the patent on the C-containers. Therefore, C-containers seem to be the speciality of Airborne Express. It helps the company to save a lot of costs. It is a long term cost savings because it involves in daily operation. Therefore, it also a long term competitive advantage over the other competitors.Apart from that, through its subsidiary company, Advanced Logistics Services Corp., Airborne is promoting a range of third-party logistics service. It provides customers with the ability to maintain inventories in a 1 million square foot derivation exchange facility located in Wilmington hub. The customers can choose to manage the inventories themselves or subcontract to Airborne. In stock exchange service, third party will involve in the instruction for movement of the inventories.It easier the military operation of the movement of inventories, and also help the customers to minimise inventory holding costs. Airborne is the first and only air express transportation company that provide this unique service. It actually involves a complex system. Therefore, knowledge or human resource is very important in order to develop the system. Since it is the only company, customers who interestedwith the stock exchange service will come to Airborne. The unique competence gives Airborne a competitive advantage.Science and technology is developing rapidly in the world. entropy system becomes more and more important in the business world. The more developed system a company has, the more competitive advantage it gets. Airborne uses three information systems to help in its daily operation. LIBRA II system is a metering device and computer software that easier the transaction between Airborne and customers. It also lowers Airbornes operating costs. FOCUS is the main system provided by Airborne and it benefits customers the most.It is a worldwide tracking system that help the customers to track the location their package through Internet link. It increases the compa nys reliability and service quality. With the trust on the company, customers will be more confident to give the job. The third system is the Customer gene linkage electronic data interchange program. It eliminates repetitive data entry and paperwork by the customers. It also a system that created purposely to benefit its customers. The company also benefits from with child(p) the costs by eliminating manual data entry.From all the resources and capabilities mentioned above, we could realise that most of the competitive advantages Airborne has over its competitors is through costs reduction. According to Porters Generic Strategies Model, Airborne is actually implemented a cost-focus dodging to get the competitive advantage. Because of the lesser capital, Airborne is unable to compete with the giant of the industry, such as Federal Express and UPS. If Airborne can be the cost leader in the industry, it can give a severe competition to the competitors. Besides that, the unique resou rces such as C-containers and Foreign Trade Zone are also giving core competences to the company.In conclusion, facing the competition from competitors that have powerful funding, Airborne not only can survive, but also get a strong position in the air express transportation industry. A correct and suitable strategy adopted by a company can change the company position. A company, which can fully and smartly utilise its resources and capabilities, it can havecompetitive advantage over the other competitors and it really benefits the company a lot.

Nasa Research Paper Essay Example for Free

Nasa Research Paper EssayThe National Aeronautics and Space Administration, more commonly known as N. A. S. A, was started after the Soviet Union sent a satellite named Sputnik into home the year before. They are a goernment position in the United States of America that has taken on the task of researching science and technology related to space and air 1. NASA has gone from one amazing accomplishment to another year after year since the space race.NASAs goal is to reach for new heights and reveal the unknown so that what we do and learn will benefit all gentlemans gentlemankind1. For over 50 years NASA has been trying to answer the questions all of mankind has about the vast wonders of space. In the beginning of NASA applications for space technology were being developed by use of weather and communication satellites. After the first steps on the moon by Neil Armstrong during the Apollo 11 mission on July 20, 1969 NASA concentrated on evolution a reusable ship for access to and from space using the vessel known as the space fowl 1.The first launch of the space shuttle was in 1981 and it flew over 130 flights before being retired in 2011. A multinational project in 2000 representing the 16 nations work was started, the Russia and the U. S. established constant human presence aboard the International Space Station 1. NASA research peaked again in 1997 when the mission to mars began. The Mars Pathfinder was a ballistic capsule sent to explore Mars within the next ten years so scientist can determine if life ever existed there. As the new ampere-second turns about, NASA reaches across the universe.The Rover is still currently exploring Mars after its arrival with his brother Spirt in 2004. While Cassini orbits around Saturn, Juno will trek his guidance to Jupiter. The Hubble Space Telescope examines and discovers the innermost workings of the universe. NASA is in the business of science, human exploration and operations, and aeronautics research. In or der to complete these goals NASA has sent satellites, space shuttles, and everything conceivable into space to further Americas knowledge of the great abyss all while still studying on earth through telescopes and sensors. NASA is a government owned, operated, nd funded association.NASAs budget from years past starting from 1958 till 2012 has been, in total, around $560 billion. Unfortunately, due to current economic crisis, President Obama has allow NASA a mere $17. 7 Billion for 2013 which is $59 million less than last year 2. NASA is by far the most respected, revered, and well known agency in the world. NASAs accomplishments is a very long list but there are some more notable than others. The first and most immobilize would be when NASA entered America in the Space Race in 1958 with Explorer 1 which was used to study the earths orbit 3. 961-Freedom 7, Alan Shepard was the first American to orbit Earth. This mission set the precedent for future manned missions. A true milestone in humankind most likely the most grave of them all Apollo 11, the moon landing, One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind. Some time passed than the true power of mankinds brightness was shown when the crew of Apollo 13 landed back on earth safely in 1970. The Hubble telescope was a huge success when they first started getting detail photos of the cosmos in 1990 3. Years later Chandra Telescope used X-Ray rather than light to record images.

Euthyphro And Failure Of Definition

Euthyphro And Failure Of DefinitionIn the Euthyphro, Socrates and Euthyphro contemplate over what is piety. What makes something pietistic and what makes something wicked, thats the headland throughout the text, but it all comes down to the prise of a exposition. In the end its uncertain whether piety is even defined and bookd by both sides. Socrates though develops criteria of a definition and ethical determine on his own in the process of questioning of piety. Socrates talks most value conflicts and whether or not there is a resolution to them.The first question asked about piety from Socrates, Euthyphro says Very well, I say that whats pious is precisely what Im doing now prosecuting those who commit an injustice, such as murder or temple looting (Cohen, Curd, and Reve 102). Euthyphro first claim is incomplete form of definition. Socrates rejects Euthyphros claim. Socrates says You see my friend, you didnt teach me adequately earlier when I asked what pious was, but you to ld me that what youre doing is pious, prosecuting you father for murder (Cohen, Curd, and Reve 103). It has to be relevant or common to all purposes, conditions, or situations, which is universal. I agree with Socrates because Euthyphros claim is more of an example, rather a definition. A book could be a piss book but you wouldnt say a cookbook to define what a book is because it wouldnt make any logical sense and frankly not universal. In order for a definition to be real, it must contain essence, the characteristic something has to happen to be that kind of thing, and a model, a standard basis of semblance. Socrates says consequently teach me what the characteristic itself is, in order that by concentrating on it and using it as a model (Cohen, Curd, and Reve 103). A proper definition should have a characteristic that is used every time you define that something, and if does not contain that characteristic then it isnt that something. A model is simply just a comparison of wha t it is and its opposites. Euthyphro says In that case whats love by the paragon is pious and whats not loved by the gods is impious (Cohen, Curd, and Reve 103). In the beginning of text, Euthyphro mentioned that the gods quarrel therefore Socrates says And havent we as well said that the gods quarrel, and differ with one another, and thats mutual hostility among them (Cohen, Curd, and Reve 103). If the gods differ, then they all dont agree. Pious can be god-loved and god-hated, because gods do differ and dont all agree. Just akin human beings, gods can have conflicts and become enemies if theyre not settlement. Whats right and wrong shouldnt be determined by gods and religion because value conflicts can occur amid gods or within a religion. Socrates supports my claim by saying Then the said(prenominal) things, it seems, are both hated and loved by the gods, and so the same things would be both god-hated and god-loved (Cohen, Curd, and Reve 104). Euthyphro says hardly Socrates , I think that on this point, at least, none of the gods do differ- that anyone who has unjustly killed another should be punished(Cohen, Curd, and Reve 105). Even if the gods do agree that murder is wrong, they still do disagree on something. Gods find themselves in value conflicts in which someones beliefs/ethics in right and wrong contradicts with other beliefs/ethics. When a criminal is indicted, they are not fighting whether what they did is right and wrong, they simply just denying acting unjustly. By denying to act unjustly, their simply trying to do lesser their punishment. Socrates says So they dont argue that someone who acts unjustly should not be punished, though they do, perhaps argue about who acted unjustly, what his unjust action consisted of, and when he did it. The facts of the case are whats questioned and argued about in court cases. Right and wrong is not stable when it comes to opinions people use more of their own opinions and values to determine whats right a nd wrong. When people consort to their own opinions of whats right and wrong, value conflicts can occur and lead to no resolution. People can believe in absolutism, which believe certain actions are short right or wrong, regardless of other contexts such as their consequences or the intentions behind them. Euthyphro easily would like to accept pious and impious they way he defined it but Socrates continues to question and use logical contradiction. Just because something is agreed though doesnt make it morally right. Socrates insist though if pious is really whats god-loved and impious is god-hated he said Consider the following is the pious loved by the gods because it pious? Or is it pious because its loved (Cohen, Curd, and Reve 106)? Both Socrates and Euthyphro agree that gods love pious because its pious, but yet in the earlier statement made by Euthyphro he believed whats god-loved is pious. It simply doesnt make sense because each contradicts itself and doesnt define piety. If gods love double-dealing than its pious, if gods love murder its pious, and if the gods love anything its pious, that statement is just to abstract. Euthyphro then define piety as being holiness. What exactly makes someone holiness? The question in the texts is being questioned by another question. Holiness is believed by Euthyphro to be tending to the gods. Socrates says Then if piety is tending to the gods, does it benefit the gods and make the gods better (Cohen, Curd, and Reve 111)? What exactly does the god benefit from humans? Horse trainers tend a horse and make it faster, a farmer tends farm to grow the plants, and a dog trainer tends a dog so it can act more appropriately. Euthyphro is unable to experience a clear answer to Socrates of what the gods benefit from humans but says the things that are winning to the gods in prayer and sacrificethose are the ones that are pious (Cohen, Curd, and Reve 112). Praying is simply asking the gods and sacrificing is giving to the gods. Socrates says So, on that account, piety would be knowing how to ask from the gods and how to give to them (Cohen, Curd, and Reve 112)? If the gods give us stuff we benefit from, what can humans possibly give them to their benefit? I believe its more of a trade, but I touch sensation what we give them is not equal to what they give us. Socrates says Then piety, Euthyphro, would be a sort of expertise in mutual trading between gods and men (Cohen, Curd, and Reve 113). But like I said, I dont believe they can benefit from humans, and that we get the better out of the trade. Socrates brings up But how are they benefited by what they receive from us? Or do we get so much the better of them in the trade that we receive all our goods things from them while they receive nothing from us (Cohen, Curd, and Reve 113). Its unreadable what the gods benefit from. Euthyphro says What else do you think but accolade and reverence (Cohen, Curd, and Reve 113). Honor and reverence is what the gods benefit from us through trade. Pleasing the gods is simply honor and reverence, and honor and reverence being from sacrificing, piety can be claimed to be beneficial to gods. I feel there its not relevant to say what benefits someone in the end is loved by someone, thats because my right and wrongs is more developed through opinions and values. But Socrates says So is the pious pleasing to the gods, Euthyphro, but not beneficial to them or loved by them(Cohen, Curd, and Reve 113). Euthyphro replies No, I think thats its in fact the most loved of all (Cohen, Curd, and Reve 113). Pious is now again what is loved by the gods. In preceding(prenominal) statements, that whats loved by the gods cant be used to define piety because it contradicts itself with the presentation of conflicts.Piety is still undefined. The Euthyphro ends where it begins, with no clarification of piety. Socrates continually reject Euthyphtos claims because he applied his mind to the matter in many ways to f ind the truth compared and followed ethical relativism, while Euthyphro was more absolutism, in which he already constituted his own truth and rather then questioning, he accepted what he believed in. Throughout the text there wasnt full clarity what pious and impious. For a definition to be accurate, it has to be universal, a model, and have essence. If Euthyphro didnt know full clarity he would of never ventured to prosecute his own father. Socrates questioning lead to answers, but not the one he wanted. Socrates found out about ethical values of relativism and absolutism. People shouldnt set their right and wrongs based on gods and religions, because gods disagree amongst themselves. Socrates doesnt leave the lecturer with any insight on how to resolve value conflicts but gives more insight on understanding them and how value conflicts develop. I believe the Euthyphro is actually a value conflict. It ends with no agreement just like a conflict of value.

Method Of Language Teaching: The Silent Way

Method Of Language Teaching The go awayless authorityThe Silent elan is the advert of a method of wording teaching devised by Caleb Gattegno. Gattegnos name is advantageously kn sustain for his revival of interest in the use of food coloringed wooden sticks called cuisenaire rods and for his series Words in Colour, an flack to the teaching of initial interpret in which buy the farms ar coded by specific colours. His materials are copyrighted and marketed with an organization he operates called Educational Solutions Inc., in New York. The Silent Way represents Gattegnos move into the field of foreign expression teaching. It is based on the premise that the instructor should be silent as much as possible in the classroom and the apprentice should be encouraged to produce as much dustup as possible. Elements of the Silent Way, particularly the use of colour charts and the coloured cuisenaire rods, grew devolve to the fore of Gattegnos anterior experience as an edu cational designer of reading and mathematics programs. (Cuisenaire rods were commencement developed by Georges Cuisenaire, a European educator who used them for the teaching of math. Gattegno had observe Cuisenaire and this gave him the idea for their use in style teaching.)The Silent Way shares a great deal with new(prenominal) reading theories and educational philosophies. Very broadly put, the tuition hypotheses underlying Gattegnos work could be stated as follows1) teaching is facilitated if the learner disc allplaces or creates instead than remembers and repeats what is to be learned.2) Learning is facilitated by accompanying (mediating) physical objects.3) Learning is facilitated by problem solving involving the material to be learned.Let us yardbirdsider each of these issues in turn.1. The educational psychologist and philosopher Jerome Bruner distinguishes twain traditions of teaching that which takes place in the expository mode and that which takes place in th e hypothetical mode. In the expository mode decisions covering the mode and pace and style of exposition are in the main determined by the teacher as expositor the learner is the listener. In the hypothetical mode the teacher and the assimilator are in a more joint position. The disciple is not a bench-bound listener, save is taking part in the play the principal power in it (Bruner 1966 83),The Silent Way belongs to the latter tradition, which tidy sums breeding as a problem-solving, creative, discovering activity, in which the learner is a principal actor rather than a bench-bound listener. Bruner discusses the benefits derived from discovery discipline under four headings (a) the increase in intellectual potency, (b) the shift from extrinsic to intrinsic rewards, (c) the learning of heuristics by discovering, and (d) the promote to conserving memory (Bruner 1966 83). As we shall see, Gattegno cl offers similar benefits from learners taught via the Silent Way.2. The rod s and the coded-coded pronunciation charts (called Fidel charts) provide physical foci for student learning and also create memorable images to facilitate student bring forward. In psychological term, these visual devices serve as associative mediators for student learning and recall. The psychological literary productions on mediation in learning and recall is voluminous but, for our purposes, can be briefly summarized in a quote from Earl StevickIf the use of associative mediators produces intermit retention than repetition does, it seems to be the case that the quality of the mediators and the students personal investment in them may also have a powerful effect on memory. (Stevick 1976 25)3. The Silent Way is also related to a identify of premises that we have called problem-solving approaches to learning. These premises are succinctly represented in the words of asa dulcis FranklinTell me and I forget,teach me and I remember,involve me and I learn.In the language of experi mental psychology, the kind of subject involvement that promotes greatest learning and recall involves processing of material to be learned at the greatest cognitive depth (Craik 1973) or, for our purposes, involving the greatest amount of problem-solving activity. Memory research has demonstrated that the learners memory benefits from creatively searching out, discovering and depicting (Bower and Winzenz 1970). In the Silent Way, the teachers strict avoidance of repetition forces alertness and concentration on the part of the learners (Gattegno 1972 80). Similarly, the learners grappling with the problem of forming an appropriate and significant comment in a new language leads the learner to realization of the language through his own perceptual and analytical powers (Selman 1977). The Silent Way student is expected to become independent, autonomous and responsible (Gattegno 1976) in separate words, a good problem solver in language. ApproachTheory of languageGattegno takes an openly sceptical view of the role of linguistic theory in language teaching methodology. He feels that linguistic studies may be a specialization, that carry with them a narrow opening of ones sensitivity and perhaps serve very little towards the broad end in mind (Gattegno 1972 84). Gattegno views language itself as a deputise for experience, so experience is what gives meaning to language (Gattegno 1972 8). We are not surprised then to see simulated experiences using tokens and picture charts as central elements in Silent Way teaching.Considerable discussion is devoted to the importance of chaining the spirit of the language and not just its component forms. By the spirit of the language Gattegno is referring to the way each language is composed of phonological and suprasegmental elements that combine to give the language its unique sound formation and melody. The learner must(prenominal)(prenominal) earnings a feel for this aspect of the goat language as soon as possible, though how the learner is to do this is not altogether clear.By feeling at the material chosen and the sequence in which it is presented in a Silent Way classroom, it is clear that the Silent Way takes a morphological approach to the organization of language to be taught. Language is seen as groups of sounds arbitrarily associated with specific meanings and organized into sentences or strings of meaningful units by grammar rules. Language is separated from its sociable context and taught through artificial sides, usually represented by rods. Lessons follow a sequence based on grammatical complexity, and new lexical and morphological material is meticulously broken down into its elements, with one element presented at a time. The sentence is the basic unit of teaching, and the teacher focuses on prepositional meaning, rather than communicative value. Students are presented with the structural patterns of the target language and learn the grammar rules of the language through larg ely inductive processes.Gattegno sees vocabulary as a central belongings of language learning and the choice of vocabulary as crucial. He distinguishes between several classes of vocabulary items. The semi-luxury vocabulary consists of expressions common in the daily life of the target language culture this refers to food, clothing, travel, family life, and so on. Luxury vocabulary is used in communicating more specialized ideas, such as political or philosophical opinions. The most important vocabulary for the learner deals with the most functional and versatile words of the language, many of which may not have curb equivalents in the learners inborn tongue. This functional vocabulary provides a key, phrases Gattegno, to comprehending the spirit of the language. Theory of learningLike many other method proponents, Gattegno take ons extensive use of his understanding of first language learning processes as a basis for deriving principles for teaching foreign languages to adults . Gattegno recommends, for example, that the learner needs to return to the state of mind that characterizes a babys learning forsaking (Scott and foliate 1982 273).Having referred to these processes, however, Gattegno states that the processes of learning a second language are radically different from those involved in learning a first language. The second language learner is unlike the first language learner and cannot learn another language in the same way because of what he now knows (Gattegno 1972 11). The natural or direct approaches to acquiring a second language are thus misguided, says Gattegno, and a successful second language approach will replace a natural approach by one that is very artificial and, for some purposes, strictly controlled (1972 12).The artificial approach that Gattegno proposes is based on the principle that successful learning involves commitment of the self to language acquisition through the use of silent sentiency and then active trial. Gattegnos repeated emphasis on the primacy of learning over teaching places a focus on the self of the learner, on the learners priorities and commitments.To speak requires the descent of the will into the voluntary speech organs and a clear grasp by ones linguistic self of what one is to do to produce definite sounds in definite ways. Only the self of the utterer can intervene to make verifiable what it holds in itself. Every student must be seen as a will capable of that work. (Gattegno 1976 7)The self, we are told, consists of two systems a learning system and a retaining system. The learning system is activated only by way of intelligent awareness. The learner must constantly test his powers to abstract, analyse, synthesize and integrate (Scott and Page 1982 273). Silence is considered the best vehicle for learning, because in silence students concentrate on the task to be accomplished and the potential means to its accomplishment. Repetition (as opposed to silence) consumes time and en courages the scattered mind to remain scattered (Gattegno 1976 80). Silence, as avoidance of repetition, is thus an aid to alertness, concentration, and mental organization.The retaining system allows us to remember and recall at will linguistic elements and their organizing principles and makes linguistic communication possible. Gattegno speaks of remembering as a matter of paying ogdens. An ogden is a unit of mental energy required to connection permanently two mental elements, such as a shape and a sound or a label and an object. The forging of the link through active attention is the cost of remembering paid in ogdens. Retention by way of mental effort, awareness, and thoughtfulness is more efficient in terms of ogdens consumed than is retention attained through mechanical repetition. Again, silence is a key to triggering awareness and hence the preferred path to retention. Retention links are in fact formed in the most silent of periods, that of sleep The mind does much of this work during sleep (Stevick 1980 41).Awareness is educable. As one learns in awareness, ones powers of awareness and ones capacity to learn become greater. The Silent Way thus claims to facilitate what psychologists call learning to learn. Again, the process chain that develops awareness proceeds from attention, production, self-correction, and absorption. Silent Way learners acquire inner criteria, which play a central role in ones education throughout all of ones life (Gattegno 1976 29). These inner criteria allow learners to monitor and self-correct their own production. It is in the activity of self-correction through self-awareness that the Silent Way claims to differ most notably from other ways of language learning. It is this capacity for self-awareness that the Silent Way calls upon, a capacity said to be little appreciated or exercised by first language learners.But the Silent Way is not merely a language teaching method. Gattegno sees language learning through the Silent Way as a recovery of innocence a return to our full powers and potentials. Gattegnos aim is not just second language learning it is nothing less than the education of the spiritual powers and of the sensitivity of the individual. Mastery of linguistic skills are seen in the turn on of an emotional inner peace resulting from the sense of power and control brought some by new levels of awareness. Silent Way learning claims to consolidate the human dimensions of being, which imply variety and individuality as essential factors for an acceptance of others as contributors to ones own life and even moves us towards better and more lasting solutions of present-day conflicts (Gattegno 1972 84). stick outObjectivesThe general objective of the Silent Way is to give beginning level students oral and aural facility in basic elements of the target language. The general stopping point set for language learning is near-native fluency in the target language, and correct pronunciation and maste ry of the prosodic elements of the target language are emphasized. An immediate objective is to provide the learner with a basic practical knowledge of the grammar of the language. This forms the basis for independent learning on the learners part. Gattegno discusses the sideline kinds of objectives as appropriate for a language course at an elementary level (Gattegno 1972 81-83). Students should be able to correctly and easily answer questions about themselves, their education, their family, travel, and daily events speak with a good phrase give either a written or oral description of a picture, including the existing relationships that concern space, time and numbers racket answer general questions about the culture and the literature of the native speakers of the target language perform adequately in the following areas spelling, grammar (production rather than explanation), reading comprehension, and writing.Gattegno states that the Silent Way teaches learners how to learn a l anguage, and the skills developed through the process of learning a foreign or second language can fee employed in dealing with unknowns of every type. The method, we are told, can also be used to teach reading and writing, and its usefulness is not restricted to beginning level students. Most of the examples Gattegno describes, however, as well as the classes we have observed, deal primarily with a basic level of aural/ oral proficiency.The syllabusThe Silent Way adopts a basically structural syllabus, with lessons planned around grammatical items and related vocabulary. Gattegno does not, however, provide details as to the precise selection and arrangement of grammatical and lexical items to be covered. There is no general Silent Way syllabus. But from observation of Silent Way programs developed by the Peace Corps to teach a variety of languages at a basic level of proficiency, it is clear that language items are introduced jibe to their grammatical complexity, their relationshi p to what has been taught previously, and the ease with which items can be presented visually. Typically, the imperative is the initial organize introduced, because of the ease with which action verbs may be demonstrated using Silent Way materials. New elements, such as the plural form of nouns, are taught inwardly a structure already familiar. Numeration occurs early in a course, because of the importance of numbers in everyday life and the ease with which they can be demonstrated. Prepositions of location also appear early in the syllabus for similar reasons.Vocabulary is selected according to the degree to which it can be manipulated within a given(p) structure and according to its productivity within the classroom setting. In addition to prepositions and numbers, pronouns, quantifiers, words dealing with temporal relations, and words of comparison are introduced early in the course, because they refer to oneself and to others in the numerous relations of everyday life (Stevic k 1979). These kinds of words are referred to as the functional vocabulary of a language because of their high utility.The following is a section of a Peace Corps Silent Way Syllabus for the first ten hours of instruction in Thai. It is used to teach American Peace Corps volunteers being trained to teach in Thailand. At least 15 minutes of every hour of instruction would be washed-out on pronunciation. A word that is italicised can be substituted for by another word having the same function.LessonVocabulary1. wood colour red.wood, red, green, yellow, brown, pink, white, orange, black, colour2. Using the numbers 1-10one, two, ten3. Wood colour red two pieces.take (pick up)4. Take (pick up) wood colour red two piecesgive, object pronouns5. Take wood colour red two pieces hive himwhere, on, under, near, far, over, next to, here, there6. Wood red where? Wood red on table.Question-forming rules. Yes. No.7. Wood colour red on table, is it? Yes, on. Not on.adjectives of comparison8. Wood colour red long. Wood colour green longer. Wood colour orange longest.9. Wood colour green taller. Wood colour red is it?10. Review. Students use structures taught in new situations, such as comparing the heights of students in the class.(Joel Wiskin, personal communication)Types of learning and teaching activitiesLearning tasks and activities in the Silent Way have the function of encouraging and shaping student oral resolution without direct oral instruction from or unnecessary mold by the teacher. Basic to the method are candid linguistic tasks in which the teacher shapes a word, phrase, or sentence and then elicits learner responses. Learners then go on create their own utterances by putting together old and new information. graphs, rods, and other aids may be used to elicit learner responses. instructor gravelling is minimal, although much of the activity may be teacher directed. Responses to commands, questions, and visual cues thus constitute the basis for classroom act ivities.Learner rolesGattegno sees language learning as a process of personal growth resulting from growing Student awareness and self-challenge. The learner first experiences a random or nearly random feeling of the area of activity in question until one finds one or more cornerstones to build on. Then starts a systematic analysis, first by trial and error, later by directed experiment with practice of the acquired sub areas until mastery follows (Gattegno 1972 79). Learners are expected to develop independence, liberty, and responsibility. Independent learners are those who are aware that they must depend on their own resources and realize that they can use the knowledge of their own language to open up some things in a new language or that they can take their knowledge of the first few words in the new language and figure out additional words by using that knowledge (Stevick 1980 42). The autonomous learner chooses proper expressions in a given set of circumstances and situatio ns. The teacher cultivates the students autonomy by deliberately make choices into situations (Stevick 1980 42). Responsible learners know that they have free will to choose among any set of linguistic choices. The ability to choose intelligently and carefully is said to be evidence of responsibility. The absence of correction and repeated modelling from the teacher requires the students to develop inner criteria and to correct themselves. The absence of explanations requires learners to make generalizations, come to their own conclusions, and formulate whatever rules they themselves feel they need.Learners exert a strong influence over each others learning and, to a lesser degree, over the linguistic content taught. They are expected to interact with each other and suggest alternatives to each other. Learners have only themselves as individuals and the group to rely on, and so must learn to work cooperatively rather than competitively. They need to feel comfortable both correcting each other and being corrected by each other.In order to be productive members of the learning group, learners-thus have to play varying roles. At times one is an independent individual, at other times a group member. A learner also must be a teacher, a student, part of a support system, a problem solver, and a self-evaluator. And it is the student who is usually expected to decide on what role is most appropriate to a given situation. instructor rolesTeacher silence is, perhaps, the unique and, for many traditionally trained language teachers, the most demanding aspect of the Silent Way. Teachers are exhorted to resist their long standing commitment to model, remodel, assist, and direct desired student responses, and Silent Way teachers have remarked upon the arduousness of self-restraint to which early expedience of the Silent Way has subjected them. Gattegno talks of subordinating teaching to learning, but that is not to suggest that the teachers role in Silent Way is not criti cal and demanding. Gattegno anticipates that using the Silent Way would require most teachers to change their perception of their role. Stevick defines the Silent Way teachers tasks as (a) to teach, (b) to test, and (c) to get out of the way (Stevick 1980 56). Although this may not seem to constitute a radical alternative to standard teaching practice, the details of the steps the teacher is expected to follow are unique to the Silent Way.By teaching is meant the presentation of an item once, typically using nonverbal clues to get across meanings. testing follows immediately and might better be termed elicitation and shaping of student production, which, again, is done in as silent a way as possible. Finally, the teacher silently monitors learners interactions with each other and may even leave the room while learners struggle with their new linguistic tools and pay their ogdens. For the most part, Silent Way teachers manuals are unavailable (however, see Arnold 1981), and teachers are responsible for designing teaching sequences and creating individual lessons and lesson elements. Gattegno emphasizes the importance of teacher-defined learning goals that are clear and attainable. Sequence and timing in Silent Way classes are more important than in many kinds of language teaching classes, and the teachers sensitivity and management of them is critical.More generally, the teacher is responsible for creating an milieu that encourages student risk taking and that facilitates learning. This is not to say that the Silent Way teacher becomes one of the group. In fact, observers have noted that Silent Way teachers a lot appear aloof or even gruff with their students. The teachers role is one of neutral observer, neither elated by correct performance nor discouraged by error. Students are expected to come to see supportive but emotionally uninvolved.The teacher uses gestures, charts, and manipulates in order to elicit and shape student responses and so must be both facile and creative as a pantomimist and puppeteer. In sum, the Silent way teacher, like the complete dramatist, writes the script, chooses the props, sets the mood, models the action, designates the players, and is critic for the performance. The role of instructional materialsThe Silent Way is perhaps as well known for the unique nature of its teaching materials as for the silence of its teachers. The materials consist mainly of a set of coloured rods, coded-coded pronunciation and vocabulary wall charts, a pointer, and reading/writing exercises, all of which are used to illustrate the relationships between sound and meaning in the target language. The materials are designed for manipulation by the students as well as by the teacher, independently and cooperatively, in promoting language learning by direct association. The number of languages and contain symbols in the target language for all of the vowel and consonant sounds of the language. The symbols are colour coded according to pronunciation thus, if a language possesses two different symbols for the same sound, they will be coloured alike. Classes often begin by using Fidel charts in the native language, colour coded in an analogous manner, so that students learn to pair a sound with its associated colour. There may be from one to eight of such charts, depending upon the language. The teacher uses the pointer to indicate a sound symbol for the students to produce. Where native-language Fidels are used, the teacher will point to a symbol on one chart and then to its analogue on the Fidel in the other language. In the absence of native-language charts, or when introducing a sound not present in the native language, the teacher will give one clear, audible model after indicating the proper Fidel symbol in the target language. The charts are hung on the wall and serve to aid in remembering pronunciation and in building new words by sounding out sequences of symbols as they are pointed to by the teacher or student.Just as the Fidel charts are used to visually illustrate pronunciation, the coloured cuisenaire rods are used to directly link words and structures with their meanings in the target language, thereby avoiding translation into the native language. The rods vary in duration from one to ten centimetres, and each length has a specific colour. The rods may be used for naming colours, for size comparisons, to represent people build story plans, constitute a road map, and so on. Use of the rods is intended to promote inventiveness, creativity, and interest in forming communicative utterances on the part of the students, as they move from simple to more complex structures. Gattegno and his proponents believe that the range of structures that can be illustrated and learned through skilful use of the rods is as limitless as the human imagination. When the teacher or student has difficulty expressing a desired word or concept, the rods can be supplemented by referring to the Fidel ch arts, or to the third major visual aid used in the Silent Way, the vocabulary charts. The vocabulary or word charts are likewise colour coded, although the colours of the symbols will not correspond to the phonetics of the Fidels, but rather to conceptual groupings of words. There are typically twelve such charts containing 500 to 800 words in the native language and script. These words are selected according to their ease of application in teaching, their relative place in the functional or luxury vocabulary, their flexibility in terms of generalization and use with other words, and their importance in illustrating basic grammatical structures. The content of word charts will vary from language to language, but the general content of the vocabulary charts (Gattegno 1972) is paraphrased below chart 1 the word rod, colours of the rods, plural markers, simple imperative verbs, personal pronouns, some adjectives and question wordsCharts 2, 3 remaining pronouns, words for here and there , of, for, and nameChart 4 numbersCharts 5, 6 words illustrating size, space, and temporal relationships, as well as some concepts difficult to illustrate with rods, such as order, causality, condition, similarity and divagationChart 7 words that qualify, such as adverbsCharts 8, 9 verbs, with cultural references where possibleChart 10 family relationships Charts 11, 12 words expressing time, calendar elements, seasons, days, week, month,year, etc. early(a) materials that may be used include books and worksheets for practicing reading and writing skills, picture books, tapes videotapes, films, and other visual aids. Reading and writing are sometimes taught from the beginning and students are given assignments to do outside the classroom at their own pace. These materials are of secondary importance, and are used to supplement the classroom use of rods and charts. Choice and performance depends upon need as assessed by teachers and/or students.ProcedureA Silent way lesson typically follows a standard format. The first part of the lesson focuses on pronunciation. Depending on student level, the class might work on sounds, phrases, or even sentences designated on the Fidel chart. At the beginning stage, the teacher will model the appropriate sound after pointing to a symbol on the chart. Later, the teacher will silently point to individual symbols and combinations of symbols, and on monitor student utterances. The teacher may say a word and have a student guess what sequence of symbols compromised the word.The pointer is used to indicate stress, phrasing, and intonation. Stress can be shown by abject certain symbol more forcibly than others when pointing out a word. Intonation and phrasing can be demonstrated by tapping on the chart to the cycles/second of the utterance.After practice with the sounds of the language, sentence patterns, structure, and vocabulary are practiced. The teacher models an utterance while creating a visual realization of it with the c oloured rods. After modelling the utterance, the teacher will have a student attempt to produce the utterance and will indicate its acceptability. If a response is incorrect, the teacher will attempt to remold the utterance or have another student present the correct model. After a structure is introduced and understood, the teacher will create a situation in which the students can practice the structure through the manipulation of the rods. Variations on the structural theme will be elicited from the class using the rods and charts.The try lesson that follows illustrates a typical lesson format. The language being taught is Thai, for which this is the first lesson.1. Teacher empties rods onto the table. .2. Teacher picks up two or three rods of different colours, and after each rod is picked up says mai.3. Teacher holds up one rod of any colour and indicates to a student that a response is required. Student says mai. If response is incorrect, teacher elicits response from another student, who then models for the first student.4. Teacher next picks up a red rod and says mai sti daeng.5. Teacher picks up a green rod and says mai sii khiawj.6. Teacher picks up either a red or green rod and elicits response from student, If response is incorrect, procedure in step 3 is followed (student modeling).7. Teacher introduces two or three other colour in in the same manner.8. Teacher shows any of the rods whose forms were taught previously and elicits student response. Correction technique is through student modeling, or the teacher may help student isolate error and self-correct.9. When mastery is achieved, teacher puts one red rod in plain view and says mai sii daeng nung an.10. Teacher then puts two red rods in plain view and says mai sii daeng song an.11. Teacher places two green rods in view and says mai sii khiaw song an12. Teacher holds up two rods of a different color and elicits student response.13. Teacher introduces additional numbers, based on what the clas s can comfortably retain. Other colors might also be introduced.14. Rods are put in a pile. Teacher indicates, through his or her own actions, that rods should be picked up, and the correct utterance made. All die students in the group pick up rods and make correction is encouraged.15. Teacher then says kep mai sii daeng

The Organisational Structure Of Jaguar Management Essay

The Organisational Structure Of catamount Management Essay mountain lion all over the function decade has been over interpreted by crossbreeding, who have appoint considerable in to to the Jaguar / Ford strategy to become the number one automative company in the world. Jaguar utilize WCT (world come apart timing) or WCP (world class process) but outright have invested considerable in FPDS (Ford harvest-home Development System). Which testament reduce the time from concept to the node.With the advent of the come throughr victimization and closer relationship between the supplier and the customer, it has resulted in more suitable and cost effective processes and materials been selected early on in the programme, which is resulting in Jaguar investing in more techniques and processes to maintain its competitive edge and maintain existing hold in certain securities industrys. In this report I go away be discussing the corporate level, business level and manufacturing l evel strategy ingestiond within Jaguar/Ford. I will as well be addressing the following questions original and Future impact on the organisationTools and tecniques used to analysy the various strategies usedHow these strategies affect the upriver and downstream customer or supplier within the supplier chainWhat actual part my colleagues and I play in formulating and achieing the company goals and objectivesPossible purifyments in the implemtation or formulation of any ofthe companies strategies carbon00 would I iWhat is the organisational bring aboution of Jaguar ?I will also discuss the possibility of investing 10,000 in to the company, look into the prospective trends and analyse the methods employed at Jaguar. I will conclude by reviewing my findings.1.2 BackgroundTo illustrate the principles of Manufacturing Strategy. I have selected the Jaguar Cars Limited, for which I am project engineer in Electrical Engineering. As Project engineer of the security form police squad in the body systems segment at Jaguar Cars Limited, Whitley, Coventry.My billet and responsibility as Project engineer, constitute of various task and project every year. One of umteen projects under my control is the security system project. This consists of selecting unseasoned suppliers, working out roles and responsibilities, lapting up meetings/presentations, liaisons with various tier one and tier two suppliers, setting tar beat outs for various attributes and setting up training for staff in my team.The current security system harvest-festivals ar supplied by Megamos. Jaguar and Megamos relationship first started in 1982, when Megamos supplied Jaguar with a security system for the XJS fomite. This consisted of a security ECU, remote transmitters and security sounders.Megamos home office is based in Germany but they have set up a site close to Jaguar cars to build on this close relationship as demand in a supplier exploitation programme. Megamos ar a subsidiary of a larger group called Delphi and Textron.In November 1989, Ford acquired Jaguar cars Ltd. This has helped Jaguar to reduce its number of 1st tier supplier from 420 to 350, with the Ford 2000 endeavour this will be reduced further, this has also helped in more common output and processes being used on both Jaguar and Ford car lines. The FPDS process is the first all new common process to be used at Jaguar and Ford simultaneously, this will help Jaguar and Ford to reduce the development cycle from concept to customer.Ford 2000 nub that we need to invest in initiative that will reduce development cycle time, to increase harvest-feastivity and variability of our product range. This should result in more common separate, product and processes being used across the works, with the implementation of FPDS we have started to gather up the results.CHAPTER TWO2.1 ObjectiveFord / Jaguar Stratgies The objective of the reprt is to evaluate FORD / JAGUAR strategy. I will be evaluating the co mpany accusation Sttement and Comany Histiory as an overview. Tis will then be followed by a critical analysis using the SWOT matrix, PORTERs quintette factors and other Hills 5 step approach showinfg the inter-relationship between stratgies.FORD / JAGUAR VISIONCHANGES GOING ON THROUGHOUT THE COMPANYEach of you, have the means and opportunity to positively impact Fords quest for world-wide leadership. Our goal is to be the worlds leading self-propelled company.We at Ford face a challenging and exciting future. In the fall of 1994, we began a dramatic planetary shake-up called Ford 2000. Since that time, we have transportd our structure and processes to become more efficient and responsive to the customer globally, and will sojourn to do so into the future.FORD 2000 STRATEGIESWhen we launched Ford 2000, we developed 7 strategies that are key to our success. It should be noned that, empowered people is at the top. We believe empowered employees, making decisions every day are instrumental in achieving our goals.GLOBALIZATIONFord Automotive Operations (FAO), developed as part of Ford 2000 combines our trading operations around the world into a single, global structure. FAO was established by combining north american self-propelling operations, Ford of europe, international self-propelled operations and the automotive components group.At the heart of FAO are the 3 vehicle centers. These centers each have worldwide responsibility for the processes and systems that contribute to a vehicles product development, manufacturing, supply and sales activities. charm design and manufacturing are centralized, marketing and sales operations will remain localized locally managed, sensitive and responsive to the needs of customers and dealers. We will become a global organization for collecting the voice of the customer from various markets and sources, to ensure that voice is well-represented within the vehicle centers.ALEX TROTMAN QUOTEAlex trotman, our C.E.O. and clearly the leader of the companys globalization initiative, has said, to pop off and prosper in the future, we cannot maintain the status quowe want to be the best in the world not second best, not third best, the best.Our Ford 2000 reorganization strategies will make us the worlds leading automotive company.FORD client SERVICE DIVISIONThe Ford customer advantage division are determine themslves to become the customer service pleasure leaders.FPSD TO FCSDSeveral years ago we transformed the Ford Parts Service Division (FPSD) into the activity it is today, the Ford client Service Division (FCSD), the companys voice of the customer. Notice the subtle but obvious change? The word customer.We took a look at ourselves and asked where we wanted to instruction our efforts and resources over the long term. We decided we wanted to be recognized as a leader in customer hex.However before we could start on this change journey, we had to develop a vision of what we wanted to be and a m ission which would help us get there.VISION AND MISSIONOUR VISION ISTo provide owners of Ford motor company vehicles or Jaguar Cars Limited an ownership experience that is so good, they will buy again and tell others how ample it is to own a Ford or Jaguar product.OUR MISSION ISWe are the companys principal source of customer support and vehicle service. Our mission, in partnership with related company activities, is to modify continuously both our own and Ford and Jaguar dealers ability and commitment to provide superior customer service. The owners of our vehicles will determine our success. Simple statements, challenging tasks. Do you agree?DRIVERS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTIONIn order to help us focusing our attack, we comissioned extensive research and determined that the drivers of customer satisfaction came down to tether elements 58% of a customers total satisfaction is related to the vehicle itself. Interestingly, our research pointed out that FCSD can affect 18% points of t hat number because of our involvement with providing quality parts for the vehicle 21% of customer satisfaction is influenced by the sales experience, and. the final 21% is influenced by the service experience. inside the service sector, repairing the vehicle correctly on the first visit, termed fix-it-right-the-first-time contributed to 42% of the customers service satisfaction while customer handling practices accounted for 40%.So, in total, we established that FCSD contributes to 39% of the factors that drive customer satisfaction.KEY STRATEGIES on that point are 4 key strategies that support our strategic thrusts Working With Dealers To Improve Fix-It-Right-The-First-Time-On-Time Capabilities (FIRFTOT). Maintaining a field focus (dealer support customer handling) Support of the upriver engineering science process maintaining a focus on a quicker service fix processFIRFTOT AND FIELD FOCUS INITIATIVESImproving dealer firtftot capabilities field focusAs I mentioned earlier, rep airing a vehicle correctly on the first visit is the primary driver of service satisfaction. The rapid advancement of technology incarnate into our vehicles has improved our quality and reliability but has challenged the dealers ability to cargo deck up.Providing ongoing support as it relates to training employees, attracting and retaining quality personnel and establishing sound business practices to burst handle customers are among the dealers priorities.Several recent initiatives have been launched that will mutually benefit the dealer and customer base simultaneouslyThe FCSD field reorganization, completed last year, revolutionized the level of support afforded dealers. The MARKET AREA TEAM APPROACH PROVIDES THE DEALER WITH MORE DIRECT COMPANY SUPPORT BY Placing a larger fate (82%) of our field office personnel in dealer contact roles establishing specialized dealer contact teams with defined roles and. . . placing our most experienced managers in consultative, leadership ro les (doms) to improve dealer operations.REGION TO DEALER SURVEY RESULTSOur dealers have recognized this effort by showing significant increases in satisfaction with Ford customer satisfaction support.Another milestone accomplishment involving dealer support is the fordstar distance learning system. Currently, we are approaching 100% participation. The entire dealership network, 5000 dealers in the united states will be fordstar capable. We have committed to regular programming to support their technical and non-technical training needs. This initiative has been greeted with strong dealer support since dealers can now catch interactive training (sales, service, technical) and communicate with the company without leaving the dealership.Long-term, these initiatives will undoubtedly have a continuous and positive impact on customer satisfaction and owner loyalty.UPSTREAM ENGINEERING QUICKER SERVICE FIXI will now discuss an area where we have made significant improvement, upstream engi neering and establishing a quicker service fix process.The upstream engineering process will prove to be a competitive advantage in that it let ins us to build quality into future designs.As part of the upstream engineering process at Ford Fcsd personnel have been co-located on fore -year design teams where they interpret field data, serve as the voice of the customer and have a measurable impact on overall quality we also assigned these co-located employees with the task of developing an affordable service structure while improving the field useableness of our product. Thereby, holding technology in check.While upstream is proactive, we must still be positioned to react to problems as they occur. Thats where quicker service fix initiatives come into play. Our goal is to resolve service problems within 90 days of their assignment to engineering.We currently give this standard around 72% of the time, but we are trending in the right direction. We will accept nothing short of 100% on this important area.Last year, in support of this standard, we added fcsd members to each of the plant vehicle teams to improve resolution time and become more proactive the role of pvt members involves Analysis of current vehicles and identification of component problems interpretation of quality to promote quick problem resolution representation of the voice of the customer at the product levelEach strategy and initiative I discussed with you will contribute to quality improvements. But no more than fcs 2000 and policy deployment combined. Fcs 2000 contains the infrastructure which will allow us to align with the objectives of Ford 2000, while policy deployment will align objectives toward common goals and promote focus throughout the organization.Most of you have heard or read about Ford 2000, the largest reengineering project ever undertaken by a major corporation. Im pleased to say that we are beginning to see the results of this important initiative with products like the expedition where the use of common components (54%) control cost, quality levels are world class and it was designed and delivered in 37 months. This is only a start, now let me show you how our globalization initiative, known as fcs 2000 aligns with Ford 2000.FORD 2000 ENTERPRIZE MODELOn the Ford 2000 enterprize model, after sales service is the term that relates to fcs 2000. allow me start out by defining what aftersales service means to us. . .It is not about repairing problems on vehicles after they are sold, it is about designing quality and serviceability into our vehciles upstream so the problems never occur in the first step forward. However, this is where the real work begins. Once the majority of chemical reactionary problems have been eliminated, we must then provide each of our customers , world wide, with consistent, world class service experience so they remain loyal to us long-term. When i refer to consistency, I like to use an analogy which relates to mcdonalds re staurants. . . add lib mcdonalds consitent quality from chicago to colognFCS 2000 MANAGEMENT SYSTEMThis model displays the four process groups which make up the global and regional organizations under fcs 2000.Briefly. . .Business development will focus on working with dealers to improve competitiveness and customer focused practices in order to capture a higher percentage of the service business.Parts supply and logistics will consistently deliver the right part to the dealership, on time and at a expenditure the customer is willing to pay. skillful support will provide a single, accurate, timely and common technical information process worldwide.Vehicle service and programs will be developing upstream engineering processes which will consistently design quality and serviceability into the vehicle and when a problem occurs, it will be handled in a timely and customer driven manner.This global structure I just reviewed will impact the 5 regions which make up the global fcsd. They i nclude north america, europe, south america, asia-pacific, and export. This structure will allow us to think globally, but act locally.Much of what we still must contact requires extensive cultural change throughout fcsd.CUSTOMER SERVICE CULTURE INITIATIVEBy benchmarking industry leaders in customer satisfaction the customer assistance center has developed a customer service culture initiative.There are three key areas to this initiativeCustomer service philosophy transform customer service from a department to an attitude, embraced by all employeesRevised new employee orientation stress the importance of customer service on day one with you our new employees.Continuous financial support day-after-day team meetings focusing on the importance of customer service and best practices.By establishing customer service as a way of life, the customer assistance center will help drive our goal to be the worlds leading automotive company. Additional details of this important initiative will be covered later this afternoon.DIVERSITY AWARENESSA key driver in culture transformation is diversity What is diversity in the work place? It includes all the differences that define us as unique individuals.Differences such as culture, ethnicity, race, gender, nationality, age, religion, disability, sexual orientation, education, experiences, opinions, and beliefs are just some of the distinctions that each of us bring to the workplace.By understanding, respecting and valuing these differences, we can capitalize on the benefits that diversity brings to the company.The entire staff within the customer assistance center have attended a diversity cognizance session. Eeryone in the organisation has attended a session during there level 1 training process. The company wide roll-out was completed by the end of 1997.By valuing diversity, we will be better equiped to meet the challenges presented by global competition. This challenge seems to have been embraced by most of the employ ees within the organisation.We must also work unneurotic as a team to achieve and sustain a competitive advantage that will make us rise above our competition.PLAYING TO clearThat means having a playing to win versus playing not to lose attitude.when you play to win you are focused on being number 1, not number 2 you are willing to take risks, try new things that will yield the big rewardsOn the other hand, people who play not to lose are satisfied with being the close follower focused on playing it safe Reliant on what you know worked beforeWe, at Ford customer service division, are definitely playing to win We have embraced that winning philosophy and developed the Ford corporate culture, known as winning together. Ford places a premium on sharing best practices, recognition of effort, and the setting of stretch targets. All are required to foster a winning together culture within an organization.You are joining Ford motor company at one of the most exciting times in history. As you move through your career, you will be influenced by its history, but you dont have to be constrained by it.JACK WELCH1Id like to believe we are practicing what Jack Welch, chairman of General Electric and the dynamic force behind General Electrics renewal, has been preaching. His 3 operating principles sum up what we are trying to achieve with our entire strategic change and reorganization processSTRETCH Using dreams to set business targets with no real idea of how to get there. If you know how to get there, its not a stretch target.SPEED Allowing us to shift the center of gravity of the company. only the most productive companies are going to win shared out VALUES-Piercing the walls of 100-year-old fiefdoms and empires called finance, engineering, marketing, and gathering teams from all those functions in one room, with one shared coffee pot, one shared vision, and one consuming passionAs the leaders of tomorrow, you must embrace stretch, speed and shared pass judgments. All three will be critical in our fast-paced global marketplace.I talked a great deal about change. And you will hear even more about the importance of change, embracing change and leading change as globalization progresses. wherefore is all of this so important?DR. GOLDSBERRY QUOTE2Because our future is not secured by what we did in the past, or even what we are doing at the presentno matter how great that was or is. We have to change strategically and continuously if we are to be a global leader. Without strategic change, we will only be able to watch our competitors achieve the goals and rewards that we seek.I challenge each of you to value our customers and think strategically, to stretch your thinking and goals, and to be proud that you are an employee of Ford motor company.2.2 Mission StatementsFords Mission StementJaguars Mission StaementsWhich Corporate strategy is right for Jaguar Cars Limited ?There are five possible steady state (that is, non -emergency) corporate strategies .Strategic ThinkersANSOFF, H. IGORRussian American engineer, mathematician, military strategist and operations researcher. The model assumes that the purpose of a firm is to maximise long term profitability (return on investment) and then gives a troops of checklists and charts for deriving objectives, assessing SYNERGY between different parts of the firm (functions and businesses), appraising the firms COMPETENCE profile and deciding how to expand ( how to diversify, how to assess whether entry to an industry apparent to give the desired ROI, whether to acquire or go for organic bob upth, and how to weight alternatives taking into account a large number of highlighted factors. He stresses the need for a common thread for all a companys businesses if it is to add value to them. The ANSOFF MATRIX is definitely a useful framework for considering expansion into new areas.The ANSOFF MATRIX shown under gives 4 options for increasing sales.The Ansoff Matrix for business development43 NewMarket21ExistingExisting NewProductArrow indicates increasing riskBOX 1, selling more of existing products in existing markets, is a low risk, market share gain strategy. To be useful, this must specify how this objective is to be attained, for example by enlarging the sales force, increasing advertising or cutting price. The XK8 / XKR was the first times in over a decade Jaguar started to advertise its product range, it increased its sales force in all the markets especially in Germany and the United states.BOX 2, implies product development to sell new (or modified) products to existing customers fine as long as the firm has a good wind record of product development and provided the new product share enough costs and skills with the existing products, and do not face a very strong incumbent competitor ( see also conterminous segment). This is when Jaguar introduced the XKR the supercharged version of the XK8, the sales plan predicted sales of up to 15000 units per annum but it sold in excess of 5000 units, due to our track record and existing products sharing cost.BOX 3, takes existing products and sells them to new markets or customers. This is clearly sensible if the new markets can be cultivated at comparatively little extra cost, but can be risky if a new market requires investment in fixed cost (for example, a new salesforce), if the customers have different requirements, or if there are entrenched competitors.BOX 4, new products to new markets is the highest risk strategy the segments being entered are not adjacent to the existing business and it is almost like starting a new business from scratch. The presumptions that Box 4 strategies are inherently unsound and should only be taken either in desperation or because there is a compelling short term opportunity not being exploited by others.PORTER, MICHAELPorter defines two kinds of competitive advantages Low cost, or differentiation. He places a firm in the context of its industry (see PORTER S FIVE COMPETITIVE FORCES) and identifies the firms own value chain (all the ways it adds value from start to finish by activity) systematically.Porter agonistical strategy codified how to gain competitive advantage. His analysis suggests four symptomatic components of looking at any specific competitor (1) Future Goals what are they trying to achieve, including their ambitions in terms of market leadership and technology (2) Assumptions how does the competitor grasp himself, and what assumptions does he make about the industry and his competition ? (3) Current Strategy and (4) Opportunities what do they think they have ? Armed with this framework, one can then construct scenarios about competitors possible reactions to any action by ones firm.Porters five competitive forcesPorter was an innovator in structural analysis of markets, which previously, even with BCG (Boston Consulting Group) , tended to focus generally on direct competition in the industry, without looking syst ematically at the context in other stages of the industry VALUE CHAIN. Porters five forces to analyse are Threat of potential new entrantsThreat from substitutes using different technologyBargaining power of customersBargaining power of suppliersCompetition amongst existing suppliers.The interactions amongst the five forces are shown below. From this porter builds a useful model of industry attractiveness and how this might change over time, both because of objective economic changes and also because of the ambitions of the players themselves.Michael Porters Five Competitive ForcesPotentialNewentrantsThreat fromnew entrantsCompetitors in the industryBargainingPowerSuppliersBargainingPowerCustomersCompetition among exising companiesThreat from substitutesSubstitutesJaguar History .. .. . .. .. .. . . .. . .Within the automotive industry there is a trend towards, only five six major players within this field. The customers voice is been heard and been acted upon. There has been a trample towards more customers wanting luxury vehicles and this segment is growing very fast and all projected figures show that this tread will continue. This is one of the drives behind the set up of the new Luxury vehicle team Premier automotive Group being set up by Ford and Jaguar. The premier automotive group is made up of Jaguar, Aston Martin, Volvo and Lincoln. It is envisaged that together, these four brands will ensure that Ford will progressively become a leading force in the global luxury car market. This is being headed by Dr Wolfgang Reitzle, who was previously the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) at BMW. A key qualifier and undoubtedly an order success for Jaguar is the brand image, the image of quality , wood finish and leather seats. Dr Reitzle stated we need to continue our commitment to become the worlds leading consumer company for automotive products and services3and Jaguar, Aston Martin, Lincoln and Volvo are powerful brands and by grouping them in this way it allows us to bring a laser-like focus to these products and also allows us to spare the diversity of these vehicles in terms of customer appeal and cultural heritage. The objective of the Premier Automotive Group will be to develop strategies to leverage and grow our premium and global brands.Driven by the statement .. to always meet or exceed the customers needs Jaguars strategy has been geared towards providing the customer with surprise and delight features. This direction is a major contributor to higher gross sales and profit. This is clearly shown in Jaguar sales as it reached 50,000 units for the first time in its history.How will this strategy affect downstream and upstream companies in the supply chain ?Jaguar strategy in terms of offering a vehicle with individual style and elegance is the way forward in the luxury market segment. A supercharged Jaguar is one vehicle that was under estimated by sales and market and the press, but as soon as it hit the market it was such a success Jaguars downstream supplier were unable to keep up with the demand. It was predicted to sale only 1500 units but it actual sold in excess of 5000 units.In order to implement this strategy greater investment is required along with training and developing the skill base, the pump competence both from within the group and buying in expertise. A recent example of this has been expanding the lining workshop and carrying out all the work in-house, were as at one stage this work was going to be out sourced for the S-type. Down stream the subcontractors reaction has been understandably negative.Jaguar and Ford only use Q1, QS9000, ISO14001 approved supplier for all its components and parts. This will no doubt result in larger price increases as supplier try and achieve there customers goals.SWOT AnalysisSTRENGTHSGood training / education programmesGood communication weekly or daily feedbackBroad customer baseBrand image nd heritageHigh qualityPotential for Growth internally an d externallyGood team work and support from other platforms or car linesWEAKNESSESLoss of customer goodwill low resale valueUnder resourcedInformation systems weak too many new electronic process that have not been fully de-bugLimited product rangeDelivery times gon average 90 daysOPPORTUNITIESExpansion of core businessMany more product lines (e.g. X400, X350 etc.)Joint customer supplier developmentNew territoryFor more X-car line features or functionsTHREATSMergers Premim Automative Group BMW globalisation strategy of customers, especially customer wants and needsShorter times from concept to market from our competitors.The SWOT analysis clearly highlights the overall position of the company in the market place. Jaguars future strategy can clearly derived from the strengths and opportunities available.Jaguars long history for providing the customers with a vehicle with an individual style, quality wood finish and leather and at a price a customer is willing to pay is defiantly a strength that will lead it to achieve or exceed it corporate strategiy for the future and meet all the future business plans (business strategies) for the next decade.The opportunities that are available to Jaguar suggest that heavy investment and process competence would allow it to focus on its customer base also allow for the provision of supplying more variety of vehicles to the customers.Although this clearly highlights w

Learning About Gender Similarities Essay -- Social Issues, Womens Rig

This line of work, in general, constructs views on psychological issues such as sexuality, the relation between motherhood, ethnicity, race, class, women in the workplace and the roles of women. This line of business embarks on a variety of theoretical perspectives and concepts to everyday research practices on women. In addition, it focuses on a thought-provoking exploration concerning current research on womens lives. This essay will focus, largely on my overall experience and understanding somewhat this course, and how it has transformed my life as a whole. Learning about Gender SimilaritiesAccordingly, this course delivers a handful of analyzes on the subject of women. One of the main issues that astonished me in regards to this course is the similarity and the likeness between women and men. We argon more alike than we are different. No doubt, there are a few dissimilarities between men and women however, there are alarming studies in the welkin of psychology that reveals ev idence to such stereotypes and biases to these remarks (Matlin, 2008, p.37). This course examines the variety of subjects in relation to the similarities of men and women, in particularly, gender-role stereotypes, social constructionism and the exploration of women and men in the early historic times to the present (Matlin, 2008, p.41). Before enrolling into this course, my expectations were that men and women are completely different, primarily because culture entitles gender to specific groups in accordance to social constructionist perspective. Being the angiotensin-converting enzyme girl as well as the youngest in my family, my expectations to reaching goals were always limited taking into account the social identities that tie into intersectionality. With that said, this course has ... ...tering into this course for the source time, my analysis on females and males was that, we are completely different according to biological, cultural and social views. At this moment, my v iews on females and males are that we are completely similar. The psychological perspectives on social and personality characteristics, women and work, cognitive abilities and attitudes indeed presents compelling explanation to the comparison of females and males. Moreover, learning about the psychology of women opens my mind to questions and answers further down the road. Taking this course has broadened my understanding in relation to the identity and the role I commit as a woman. In the same way, psychology of women has helped in revolutionizing and transforming womens lives by means of giving us a sense of empowerment and inspiration to fulfill our needs and aspirations.

Essay --

PATIENT CONFIDENTIALITYPatient Confidentiality is where a patients medical discipline should be kept confidential. This archetype can even be dated back to the Hippocratic Oath. When a patient goes to see his or her doctor, that patient expects to have his or her information kept confidential. They trust the medical practitioner to keep the information between them and related medical practitioners. For instance, you do not want people to find out intimately a disease you have and you to be affected by their knowledge of this.This establishment of trust along with medical ethical guidelines dictates this to be a certificate of indebtedness for the doctors. Also, a persons medical justnesss are meant to be kept confidential and not to be shared with anyone as dictated by law. This law is known as Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). There are many instances where a medical practitioner can release this information without your consent, but none of these r easons should benefit the physician in any way. When you buy health insurance, you need to authorize the release of medical records to the...