The Sexual Abuse Of Children Social Work Essay

The Sexual Abuse Of Children Social Work Essay Childhood is idealised as a garden, protected by walls and hedges, where nature flourished at its perfect best. It is often envied and honoured. However, in reality most children are often neglected, abused and exploited. An overview of the reported cases suggests that a major part of reported child maltreatment was sexual abuse. As many as one out of every four children will be the victims of some kind of abuse. Child Pornography and child sexual abuse are two of the most disturbing issues in the world today. This paper aims to show the ongoing debate on whether consumers of child pornography pose a risk for hands on child sex abuse offences. It provides an overview of existing research studies and their approaches concerning the linkages between child pornography and child sex abuse. In this paper I will be including arguments for and against this relationship by various authors, statistics reports and surveys to reach a conclusion. This paper also aims to talk about how the legal system attempts to control child pornography through actual legislation and a graded selection policy. INTRODUCTION Child pornography is a complex topic for which the standards applied are subjective and dependent upon moral, cultural, sexual and religious beliefs. Legal definitions of both child and child pornography differ globally. However, the United Nations Conventions on the Rights of Child, which has now been adapted by 191 member states, provides a universal definition of the child as any person under the age of eighteen years. It should be noted that each countrys legal definition of child may be different but the term child pornography will refer to a sexually explicit reproduction of a childs image. According to the Interpol Specialist Group on Crimes against Children, Child pornography is created as a consequence of the sexual exploitation or abuse of a child. It can be defined as any means of depicting or promoting the sexual exploitation of a child, including written or oral material, which focuses on the childs sexual behaviour or genitals. The Council of Europe defines child pornog raphy as material that visually depicts a minor engaged in sexually explicit conduct. The ECPATs definition closely mirrors Interpols which states the visual depiction of a child engaged in explicit sexual activity, real or stimulated, or the lewd exhibition of genitals intended for the sexual gratification of the user, and involves the production, distribution and/or use of such material. It can be seen that each definitions given by the above bodies speak of visual images or depictions, or representation of sexual activity involving the child or minor defined in Article 1 of UN Convention Rights of a Child. Each of the definition emphasises the sexual nature of the representation and seeks to distinguish child pornography from, wholly innocent images of children, for example in a family setting or on the beach, where they could be fully or partially undressed, which are appropriate to the wider lawful activity shown in the depiction. The official definition of child sexual abuse is forcing or enticing a child or young person to take part in sexual activities including prostitution, whether or not the child is aware of what is happening. The activities may involve physical contact, including penetrative or non-penetrative acts. They may also include non-contact activities, such as involving children in looking at, or, in the production of, pornographic material or watching sexual activities, or encouraging children to behave in sexually inappropriate ways. Persons who exploit children sexually, in the view of ECPAT, fall into two categories. Preferential child sex abuser and the situational child sex abuser where abusers in the first category suffer from psychological disorder and the latter are experimenting with new forms of sexual contact. In the paper prepared by Julia OConnell Davidson for the World Congress against the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children, she describes both of these categories. Accord ing to her, the term paedophile refers to an adult who has a personality disorder which involves a specific and focussed sexual interest in pre-pubescent children. The preferential child sex abusers are abusers who are usually, but not always, men, and their victims may be either male or female children. Psychiatry views their taste for immature and powerless sexual partners as the manifestation of a personality disorder. The situational child sex abusers are men and women who sexually exploit children, not because they have sexual interest in children per se, but because they are morally/sexually indiscriminate and want to experiment.These abusers do not consciously seek out children as sexual partners, but use them when such children are available. Generally child pornography will be possessed, made and distributed by the paedophile or preferential sex abuser. However, it would appear from a number of arrests that child pornography can be accessed with ease on the internet. Its anonymity has meant that situational child sex abusers are also using this medium. Identifying Victims and Offenders In most countries, street children, poor children, juveniles from broken homes, and disabled minors are especially vulnerable to sexual exploitation and to being seduced or coerced into the production of pornographic material. While impossible to obtain accurate data, the perusal of the child pornography readily available on the international market indicates that a significant number of children are being sexually exploited through this medium. According to the Home Office Statistical bulletin more than one third (36%) of all rapes recorded by the police are committed against children under 16 years of age. Another study which examined police data on rapes committed against children found that children under the age of 12 were the most likely of all those age 16 and under to have reported being raped by someone they knew well. According to the NSPCC statistics, there is a predominance of girl victims than boy victims. For example, in England and Wales there were 6,587 offences of se xual abuse on a female child under 16 and 2,821 offences of sexual abuse on a male child. Another Home Office report shows that 60-70% of sex offenders against children target girls only, about 20-30% target boys only, and about 10% children of either sex. In the context of sexual exploitation of children, sex exploiters can be defined as those who take unfair advantage of some imbalance of power between themselves and a person under the age of 18 in order to sexually use them for either profit or personal pleasure. Child exploiters and pornographers often seek occupations that bring them into habitual contact with children. Paedophiles constitute a significant sector of the offenders. Some of these paedophiles are attracted to children of the same sex, but the majority are heterosexuals. It should be noted that not all paedophiles are child molesters and that many child molesters are not paedophiles. In 2005/06 the average number of registered sex offenders was 58 per 100,000 of the population in England and Wales. An estimated 110,000 people have been convicted of sexual offences against children in England and Wales. 90% of the child victims know their offender, with almost half of the offenders being a family member. Although highe r proportion of the offenders is males, the number of female offenders is also a key concern. Researchers from the Lucy Faithfull Foundation, a child protection charity that deals with British female sex offenders, said its studies confirmed that a fair proportion of child abusers were women. The sexual exploitation of children can happen anywhere in schools, homes, workplaces, in communities and even own computers, and anyone can be an exploiter a teacher, relative, religious leader, employer, aid worker, peer or pornographer. A study which examined police data on rapes committed against children found that children under the age of 12 were the most likely of all those aged 16 and under to have reported being raped by someone they knew well. Children between 13 and 15 years of age were the most likely to have reported being raped by an acquaintance. Since the advent of the internet and mobile telephone services linked with download and exchanging capabilities, the production and sale of child pornography has also became a profitable business. The men who sexually violate or photograph children being violated in order to sell the images are child sex exploiters. So are those who operate the websites that are the shop fronts for the illicit trade in child abuse images. When someone pays to look at child pornography, they are not just looking, they are exploiting. They are part of the chain of exploitation and in most countries, are pursued by the law as child sex offenders. Arguments This research assignment is aimed to answer the question of whether there is a link between child pornography and child sex abuse. This is a very controversial area, with experts differing over any casual link. Some experts argue that there is a link between the two as watching child porn increases the risk of offending, and some argue that it reduces the risk of offending. The main reason for this debate is that it is virtually impossible to conduct research in the laboratory using standard specific methods which yield statistically reliable results. The constraints of ethical research, false reporting, interviewer distortion and a whole host of other problems contribute to the difficulty of acquiring scientific results. Many researchers have come to the conclusion that there is no sound scientific basis for the conclusion that exposure to child pornography increases the likelihood of sexual abuse of children. Others have suggested that there is a consistent correlation between the use of pornography and sexual aggression. This debate will be considered in two sections, the arguments supporting that there is a link and the arguments against the link followed with a conclusion. Arguments supporting the link between child pornography and child sex abuse A common theme within the existing discourses surrounding child pornography is that such an activity represents a threat because it is invariable existing sexual abusers of children who possess and use child pornography as an incitement to commit child sexual abuse. It is also frequently argued that possession and use of child pornography present a real threat to children

Antibody Level After Hepatitis B Vaccination in Hemodialysis

Antibody Level After Hepatitis B Vaccination in Hemodialysis ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the antibody level after Hepatitis B vaccination in chronic hemodialysis patients. METHOD: All patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis (HD) at the dialysis unit of Liaquat National Hospital, fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled between April 2013 and September 2013, after taking informed consent. AntiHbs (Hepatitis B surface antibody) titers were measured. Patients were differentiated as Immune and nonimmune based on antibody titers, with levels of >10 IU/l being considered as immune and levels of RESULTS: Out of 118 patients enrolled, 103 (87.3%) had an adequate antibody response and were considered immune while only 15 patients (12.7%) had an inadequate antibody response rendering them non immune. AntiHbs titers showed no significant co-relation with gender and duration of Hemodialysis therapy (p>0.05), while age was found to have significant correlation as younger age group ( CONCLUSION: Our study showed a very good Antibody response to Hepatitis B vaccination among hemodialysis patients that correlated with age with younger age group having a better response but no correlation to gender and duration of dialysis. KEYWORDS: Hepatitis B virus, Anti-HBs antibody, Hemodialysis, Prevalence, Vaccination. INTRODUCTION Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a common but avoidable disease. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a DNA virus that can be communicated via saliva, body fluids, semen, vaginal fluids, blood products, sexual contacts or prenatally influencing 350-400 million persons round the globe (1-3). In contrast to general population, hemodialysis patients are at higher risk of acquiring Hepatitis B Virus because of direct exposure to blood products, shared hemodialysis devices, needle pricks and hemodialysis process which involve access to blood circulation.(4) Hence, Hemodialysis patients are vulnerable to infections with Hepatitis B Virus and hepatitis C virus (HCV). The prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus in hemodialysis (HD) patients varies significantly between countries, ranging from minimal in developed countries to very high in some developing countries. Despite the fact that many steps have been taken for the prevention of HBV infection like mass vaccination programs, implementation of thoroug h blood donor screening, awareness encouragement programs of erythropoietin use and generalize availability in hemodialysis centers, Hepatitis B Virus infection remains a major concern in Hemodialysis centers majorly in developing countries (5). Patients who are on maintenance hemodialysis are considered as high-risk group, resulting in high incidence and mortality. Therefore, to vaccinate them against the virus is mandatory. Compared to a response rate of over 90% in the normal population, only 50 to 60% of those with end-stage renal disease achieve adequate antibody levels following immunization (6, 7). Various tactics have been employed to overcome the low seroconversion rate like co-administering zinc, gamma-interferon, thymopentin, interleukin-2, and levamisole as immunostimulants or adjuvants as well as changing the injection mode (intradermal versus intramuscular) or doubling the vaccine dose (7, 8). Low immune response to hepatitis B vaccination in patients on HD is noticed in several studies but has never been studied in our population. Therefore our aim is to conduct a study in our population to determine the serum Anti-Hbs levels in these patients following vaccination. MATERIAL METHODS From April 2013 to September 2013, 118 patients undergoing HD in Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College were screened for anti-HBs. A questionnaire was used to collect the demographic data and duration of HD. All patients were included in HD unit who underwent primary vaccination within last one year (four doses: recombinant HB vaccine; 40 ug, i.m, at 0, 1, 2 and 6 months). Exclusion criteria included patients on immunosuppressive drugs, malignancy or HIV positive patients. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA,Biokit, Spain) was used to measure Anti-HBs antibodies titers. The data was analyzed by SPSS  ® for windows ® (version 14.0 Chicago, IL, USA). A p value RESULTS We enrolled total of 118 patients on Hemodialysis who were recently vaccinated. Demographics are shown in Figure 1.Patient’s age ranged from 20-71 years. 46.6 %( N=55) were Male with mean age 53.2  ±10.02 yrs and 53.1 %( N=63) were Females with mean Age of 51.59  ±10.63 yrs. Age was found to have significant impact on Hepatitis B surface antibody titer with patients 0.05). Out of 118 patients, 15 (12.7%) were found to have Inadequate response or Non-immune, where as, 104 (87.3%) had an Adequate response and responded well to the immunization. Duration on Hemodialysis ranges from 1-4 yr with mean duration of 1.97 ±0.77 years, most of the patients had less than 3 years of Hemodialysis 97.5% (N=115/118) and only 3 patients (2.5%) were in year 4. Duration of Hemodialysis failed to show any significant impact on Hepatitis B vaccination response rate (p>0.05). DISCUSSION: An increased risk of exposure to HBV infection is observed in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (9) It has been observed that after vaccination for Hepatitis B, hemodialysis patients develop lower antibody titers compared to healthy individuals, and even if they are immunized, their antibody titers falls shortly within a year(10). The present study showed a very high response to hepatitis-B vaccination among hemodialysis patients. One hundred and four (87.6%) patients showed good antibody response after vaccination. Previous studies in hemodialysis patients have shown a variable hepatitis-B vaccination response rate, ranging from 47%-73%.(11-13).Comparable good results to hepatitis-B vaccination in hemodialysis patients had also been observed in areas with intermediate endemicity (2-8%) prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus ,such as in Brazil , which approached 89.5% in one study.(14) A recent meta-analysis of 17 clinical trials showed decreased response to hepatitis-B vaccination among older dialysis patients(15) which might be attributed to age associated changes to immune status, where â€Å"older† was defined at age 50 yrs. Our patients mean age were 52.3 ±10.04 yrs correlating with Meta analysis age group, and our results are similar with older patients having less immune response.(11, 16, 17) In the present study, gender and duration of hemodialysis therapy did not have any correlation to hepatitis-B vaccination. These results are in agreement with those reported by Peces et al .(18).Dacko et al.(16) and Tele et al(14).Similarly, Roozbeh et al(19) also confirmed the same results and showed that gender did not differ between responders (immune) and non-responders (non-immune) to hepatitis-B vaccination. CONCLUSION: We report a very good response to hepatitis-B vaccination among hemodialysis patients that is neither co-relating with gender or duration of hemodialysis. This was a preliminary study in our population which only estimated the response rate against vaccination. Future studies are needed to determine the impact of nutrional status and adequacy of hemodialysis on the response rate of vaccination as previous studies has shown their influences over titer levels.

Card readers :: essays research papers

1. OPEN EEPROM Just what it means - open a saved EEPROM image 2. SAVE AS This has 3 options (different ways to save the image of the card) a. NORMAL HEX b. ASCII ENCODED HEX c. BIN FILE 3. VIEW This has 5 options:. a. ATR INFO- this is a break down of what is in the ATR of your card b. HU MAP- this is a map of where different data is at on the hu image. c. TIER DATA- is the data from the different tiers on the card d. EEPROM DUMP- is what you see after you read the card and then pull it. e. MESSAGE WINDOW- is the first thing you see when you put your card in. 4. EEPROM This has 7 options: a. CLEAN EEPROM - This is what you do when you want to clean any data off your hu image b. CLEAR PASSWORD - This is what you use to clear the pass word from a card that has one on it. c. CLEAR IRD - This has two options: 1. UMMARRY- this will unmarry the card to use in another ird 2. SET TO VIRGIN- that is what it does. d. CMD 90 BLOCKING - This has two options 1. TURN ON 2. TURN OFF e. FIX ATR 4TH BYTE - This is for IVAC cards. f. PATCH FILE - This has two options. (also used to patch a file into your image or card) 1. NORMAL HEX FILE 2. EXTREME HEX FILE g. CAM/ZKT TOOLS - This has three options 1. STORE CAM/ZKT 2. PATCH CAM/ZKT 3. SAVE CAM/ZKT FOR H CARD E. CARD - This has 5 options a. CHECK ATR - will do just that. b. UTILITIES - This has 6 options 1. CHANGE AREA- this is to change time zone, zip and locals byte 2. CLEAR PASSWORD 3. CLEAR IRD - This has 2 options under it aa. UNMARRY bb. SET TO VIRGIN 4. CMD 90 BLOCKING - Again has two options aa. TURN ON bb. TURN OFF 5. FIX 4TH BYTE 6. READ USW - This tells you what your USW is. c. READ CARD - This is always the first thing you do....read your card. d. WRITE CARD - This has two options 1. CURRENT EEPROM - This will write the current EEPROM image that you have loaded. 2. HEX FILE - This will write a hex file to the card

Educational Technology Essay -- Computers Schooling Essays

Educational Technology Education is probably the most important thing in life that someone can obtain. There are many levels of education. These levels begin at Kindergarten and Pre-K and continue on through grade school, junior high school, high school, and undergraduate colleges if so chosen. Then the possibility of graduate school is in the interest of some student and is required for better pay and even in some career fields. Education has undergone many changes over the past 2 decades at all levels. Many of the changes have undergone due to the increasing number of technological advancements in the ways teachers educate and the ways that students learn. The greatest technological achievement to enter the educational realm has been the creation of the PC. One of the first PC to be used in the classroom for educational purposes was introduced by Macintosh. The Apple computer, I can remember, was the first computer I used in grade school. On this PC, students were introduced to 2 dimensional computer programs designed to enhance the mind of students and introduced student to concepts that could be applied in the classroom. With the computer, a number of students could have a hands-on activity that was fun and designed to be fun while working on assignments. The floppy disk was black and was actually floppy. John Sculley wrote an article about computers and their effect on education. The article was publishe d in September of 1988 in T H E Journal (Technological Horizons In Education). The abstract read: â€Å"The effectiveness of computers in schools has been demonstrated, and business, government, and education must now work together to further the integration of technology and education. It is necessary to identify when a... ...ool. Dec. 2002 v42 i4 p4. WD & S Publishing Multimedia Schools. Helping them do it at Home. Mary Alice Anderson. March-April 2003. v10 i2 p19. Information Today, Inc. The Science Teacher. Field Trips online: Investigating water quality through the Internet. Bruce H. Munson. Jan. 2003. v70 i1 p44-49. Telephony. Going to school via Fiber. John Price. May 9, 1988 v214 n19 p28. Telephony Publishing Corp. 1988. T H E (Technological Horizons In Education) Journal. Applications: Online system speeds admissions process. Elizabeth Greengield. Nov.1990 v18 n4 p43. Information Synergy Inc. 1990. T H E (Technological Horizons In Education) Journal. CD-Rom: New Technology with promise for Education. Dennis F. Tanner. August 1988 v16 n1 p57. Information Synergy Inc. 1988 Picture Copywright: http://www.microchip.com/index.asp

The 1996 Margin of Victory for U.S. House Incumbents :: Politics Political Election Government Essays

The 1996 Margin of Victory for U.S. House Incumbents In 1996, the American public reelected 357 members to the United States House of Representatives; of those running for reelection, 95% succeeded. Several congressmen received a large margin of victory over their political opponents, similar to election results of the past. Trends in American politics have been the overwhelming reelection rates of House incumbents as well as large margins of victory over challengers. The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors influencing incumbents’ margin of victory in the 1996 Congressional elections. Literature Review Most recent research concentrates on the increasing trend at all levels of American government toward high reelection success. Paul Jacob explains that today, challengers have an exceedingly difficult time trying to defeat an incumbent. For example, incumbents who sought reelection in the 1988 general election had a 96% success rate and 98% in 1990. Though the percentage decreased in 1992 because of House scandals, the general election rate for incumbents still remained high at 93% (Jacob, 1994: 30). This is not a new phenomenon as approximately 92% of all incumbent representatives have been reelected since World War II. Even in a year with a lower percentage such as 1992, Davidson and Oleszek emphasize that "turnover [in the House] resulted more from retirements (many involuntary) than from electoral defeats" (Davidson, 1994: 63). Drawing upon existing literature, Alford and Brady in Congress Reconsidered have suggested four main reasons for this reelection phenomenon. The reasons are as follows: (1) congressional district lines drawn to favor incumbents; (2) increase resources of incumbent members; (3) weak congressional challengers; and (4) weak party identification of voters (150 and 151). The latter three explanations are supported by current research; however, the first theory is not. By examining similar trends in the Senate, which does not use district lines, researchers have concluded that congressional district lines do not favor incumbents and are not an explanation for high incumbency reelection rates (151). However, much research has demonstrated that incumbents are usually rewarded on election days because of numerous factors. These factors include congressional perquisites such as campaign funding, franking privileges, and extensive media coverage. As a result, they often face weaker challengers because of such effective use of these perquisites (Erikson and Wright, 1993: 99, 101). Finally, American voters do not strongly identify with one party as in the past. More people are declaring themselves independent, and consequently, they are voting for the individual rather than for the party with whom they identify.

Supernatural

Annie (Lenore Critical) who Is an emotionally fragile ghost (Icemaker 35). All three of these supernatural monsters live In an apartment together In Bristol while trying to live normal lives (Icemaker 35). I think you should take out this whole sentence – However, their so-called normal lives conflict with their supernatural lives. The series shows Mitchell, George, and Annie trying to lead double lives by attempting to be a part of the human world as well as the supernatural world. Their human flaws however, become evident In their supernatural worlds.The characters are faced tit many challenges while managing to be a part of both worlds, through which they realize that they are actually being given a second chance at life. In Being Human UK, Mitchell, George, and Annie are creatures that are â€Å"fusions of a person with counterintuitive properties† (Petersen 94). Their supernatural lives are burdened with the flaws from their previous lives. Mitchell, as a human, to ok advantage of his good looks and used people. When he becomes a vampire, the ultimate user, and has the desire to drink blood and kill people, he realizes he needs to change.One of the first ways he tries to change is by refraining from drinking blood. He does not want to use people because only death will come from it. On the other hand, George, as a human, did not have any confidence and was socially awkward, especially around women. Becoming a werewolf allowed him to realize that he needs to stop being afraid of the outside world and develop enough confidence to be himself around others. Mitchell even states that George needs to be able to turn into a werewolf inside their house and accept who he is. Watch clip and cite quotation). Annie in her previous life had everything going for her. She went to university, met the love of her life Owen (Greg Chilled), and was happily engaged. She was determined to always get what she wanted. Now as a ghost, only Mitchell and George can see her and she is finding It difficult to accept that her fiance has moved on and she is no longer in control (Lowry 1). Through her ghostly existence, she starts to realize that she can be Independent and happy without Owens presence.All three of these characters â€Å"support each other In an effort to be as normal as possible† and are faced with conflicts because of their double lives (Lowry ). This BBC show allows viewers to witness the characters learning about second chances. Mitchell â€Å"double Identity and ‘normal' aspects of his personally are what attract us to his character (Petersen 105). Throughout the series he Is faced with situations that require him to decide which world he wants to be a part of. One of his struggles, as a vampire, is when he has to decide whether he wants to convert people because of another woman he converted.Here, Mitchell was perplexed by the choice of letting Laura die or saving her life by turning her into a vampire. George yells at Mitchell to do something because she is dying but Mitchell responds by saying â€Å"Not another one I can't† and allows Laura to die (Being Human 1. 1). Mitchell also does not want to seem suspicious, so he tries everything he can to be perceived as ‘normal'. In the second episode in season one Mitchell invites their neighbors over for tea to â€Å"participate and Join humanity' (Being Human 1. 2).In episode two season one, George's transformation is described in great detail and is compared to a human suffering a heart attack (show clip in class). Also, there have been several instances where George says he does not want anything to do with his supernatural life, showing that he is quite ashamed of it and would much rather be human. For example, he says, â€Å"l onto want to allow it into my life†¦. ‘ like to keep things separate, the house is the house and the thing that happens to me every month is something else. I transformed here last month and it doesn't belong here† (Being Human 1. 2).The house that they all live in is where George feels most comfortable with himself because he uses it as a coping mechanism to deal with his supernatural nature and to pretend he is still a part of humanity. When it comes to Annie, her conflicts with the supernatural world and with humanity reside in the fact that she â€Å"does not know why she remains trapped in the unman realm† and as a ghost she Just wants people to be able to see her (Lowry 1). Throughout the show, these characters are always struggling with living their double lives because all they want to do is be a part of the normal human world and be Just like everybody else.Nannies two worlds are colliding because she does not know why she is still haunting her ex fianceg's house and she constantly struggles with the fact that she is a ghost. She is miserable because she recently passed away due to falling down the stairs. The one thing that she wants more than anyth ing is to be able to live her life again and be with her fiance. A few things that Annie does to pretend that she is still â€Å"alive† involve continuing doing her daily â€Å"human† routine. For example, she makes tea everyday to make her feel like she is still alive.George comments and says, Mimi keep making tea, every surface is covered with mugs of tea no tea, it has all been made. And you can't even drink it. † Annie responds by saying â€Å"l like my routine, it makes me feel normal† (Being Human 1. 2). )(maybe show clip). Throughout many episodes Annie is always doing certain routines that she would have done when she was alive such as cleaning, catering to Mitchell and George's deeds, and making food for them. Another conflict that Annie faces involves trying to resolve why she is still a ghost and is still a part of the physical realm.It isn't until episode three season one, when Annie meets Gilbert, (Alex Price) a ghost from the ass's, that she finally uncovers the reason behind her prolonged existence. Overall, Mitchell, George, and Nannies supernatural lives give them a second chance to figure out something about themselves that they never resolved while they were still living as humans. Their supernatural lives are a â€Å"source of identification in which new grounds for selectors can be found† (Petersen 98). Mitchell realizes that he wants to become a better person and stops relying on his good looks to get him places.One of the victims that made him realize his personality faults was his co- worker named Lauren (giftedness). Mitchell mistakenly converted her to a life as a vampire. After watching her being so desperate to feed off people and watching her kill others, it made him realize he did not want his vampire existence to be like hers. Therefore, he learns by watching Lauren, that there is more to life then Just looks, and that people deserve to be treated with respect. George learns that it is possible t o have confidence in himself because of a werewolf named Tail(faded).When George found out that Tail was the one who turned him into a werewolf, he learned that he did not want to associate himself with other werewolves because they could not be trusted. By standing up to Tall, it gave George the courage he needed. This conflict with Tail allowed him to become a stronger person, and gave him the confidence to talk to women. Annie realizes with the help of Gilbert, that she is still around because there is something unresolved in her past life. When her memories start to mom back, she figures out she died because of her fiancà ©'s anger. (show clip in class).Her flange Owen treated her like property and is physically abusive. Unfortunately her fragility tells her that it is all her fault and that she had it coming. Nannies self realization shows that she was insecure and incapable of standing on her own two feet while she was with Owen. However, as a ghost she realizes that she can become independent and does not need Owen. Unfortunately, this realization does not allow her to move on to the next realm. Therefore she continues to exist with lessons still to learn. All three characters were given a second chance at life to redeem themselves so that they could become stronger and better beings.When it comes to Mitchell, George, and Annie as well as other supernatural beings, â€Å"the recirculation of recognizable constructions of them implies that we should consider them as culturally successful and possibly impacting on our thoughts† (Petersen 105). All of us can relate to Mitchell, George, and Annie because we have experienced some sort of arrogance, awkwardness, and self doubt. Matt Insist argued that science fiction and fantasy films â€Å"attack reason, sell reenactment's fantasies, and undermine appreciation for science and supernatural horror transcends simple-minded repudiations of science(Collocation).

Poetry project Essay

He is that fallen lance that lies as hurled, That lies unlifted now, come dew, come rust, But still lies pointed as it plowed the dust. If we who sight along it round the world, See nothing worthy to have been its mark, It is because like men we look too near, Forgetting that as fitted to the sphere, Our missiles always make too short an arc. They fall, they rip the grass, they intersect The curve of earth, and striking, break their own; They make us cringe for metal-point on stone. But this we know, the obstacle that checked And tripped the body, shot the spirit on Further than target ever showed or shone. How does poetry help you see yourself/your world differently? Imagery Imagery is when the poet describes the items in the poem and the reader can picture or feel as the poet wants them to. When poets use imagery they want the reader to be able to see in their mind what the poem is about. Imagery is used with adjectives. The Gladiator Kevin Prufer When I died When my blood feathered away and I stared blankly and sideways into the grass. When the grass ceased against my cheek, I could not help but remember the gladiator who, in falling, never groans, who, ordered to accept it,  does not contract his neck for the final blow. And the hillside grew quiet. The bombers passed withering the trees and the city to flame. The empire fell. My empire, like a blood drop into the grass. It is of little consequence to the observer if the gladiator falls forward into the dirt. He is of a mind, merely, to do as he is told. He will not see the emperor’s thumbs. His city fell to its knees and burned, rolled on its side, but he won’t think of it. Those who once cheered for him are cheering still. The airplanes flew over the hill and I, crouched in the grass, was terrified but did not look up, did not complain  when a lost bomb startled me away. Seal William Jay Smith See how he dives From the rocks with a zoom! See how he darts Through his watery room Past crabs and eels. And green seaweed Past fluffs of sandy Minnow feed! See how he swims With a swerve and a twist, A flip of the flipper, A flick of the wrist! Quicksilver-quick, Down he plunges Softer than spray, Down he plunges And sweeps away; Before you can think Before you can utter Words like â€Å"Dill pickle† Or â€Å"Apple butter,† Back up he swims Past sting-ray and shark, Out with a zoom, A whoop, a bark; Before you can say Whatever you wish,  He plops at your side With a mouthful of fish! 1. In â€Å"Seal† how does the use of rhyme scheme keep you entertained throughout the poem? 2. After you have read both poems: How do the authors compare and contrast in their use of imagery? Which one did you like better? Why? After you read: How did your poem compare to these ones? How was yours different. Did you like the way these poets used imagery? Why/Why not? Figures of Speech A figure of speech is the use of a word or multiple words that can do many things. Simile – A comparison of two things using like or as. Example: I am as sly as a fox. Metaphor – A comparison of two things not using like or as. Example: Life is a Journey. Personification – Giving an inanimate object human quality. Example: The tree waved. Hyperbole – An extreme exaggeration of something. I stood there, waiting for you, for 74 hours. And there are other kinds of Figures of Speech but these are the most common ones. Before You Read: Do you use figures of speech when you write your poems? Why do you use them or don’t use them? While you are reading: Do you understand these uses of figures of speech? Why does the author use the simile/metaphor/etc. in this way? The Writer Richard Wilbur In her room at the prow of the house Where light breaks, and the windows are tossed with linden, My daughter is writing a story. I pause in the stairwell, hearing From her shut door a commotion of typewriter-keys Like a chain hauled over a gunwale. Young as she is, the stuff Of her life is a great cargo, and some of it heavy: I wish her a lucky passage. But now it is she who pauses, As if to reject my thought and its easy figure. A stillness greatens, in which The whole house seems to be thinking, And then she is at it again with a bunched clamor. Of strokes, and again is silent. I remember the dazed starling Which was trapped in that very room, two years ago; How we stole in, lifted a sash And retreated, not to affright it; And how for a helpless hour, through the crack of the door, We watched the sleek, wild, dark And iridescent creature Batter against the brilliance, drop like a glove To the hard floor, or the desk-top, And wait then, humped and bloody, For the wits to try it again; and how our spirits Rose when, suddenly sure, It lifted off from a chair-back, Beating a smooth course for the right window And clearing the sill of the world. It is always a matter, my darling, Of life or death, as I had forgotten. I wish What I wished you before, but harder. What are frail? Spring blossoms and youth; What are deep? The ocean and truth. How can sorrow be heavy as said in the poem? Today and Tomorrow be brief? Youth be frail? And truth be deep? Sounds of Poetry Sounds of poetry contain many different elements including rhyme, rhythm, onomatopoeia, alliteration, and there subtopics. Rhyme –The repetition of the sound of the stressed vowel and anything after it. Approximate rhyme –Not exact rhyme, not an echo. Internal rhyme –Rhyme inside of a line or lines. End rhyme –Usual rhyme at the end of lines. Rhythm –A musical quality of repetition. Meter –Regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables. Iamb –Unstressed followed by stressed. Foot –Stressed followed by one or more unstressed. Trochee –opposite of an iamb. Anapest –Two unstressed followed by a stressed. Dactyl –Stressed followed by two unstressed. Spondee –Two stressed syllables. Onomatopoeia –Words that sound like what they mean. Alliteration –The repetition of the same consonant sound in several words. Assonance –The repetition of vowel sounds.