Ancient Greece and Rome on film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Ancient Greece and Rome on film - Essay causeNero eventually threatened to destroy the peaceful order of the Rome and the main issue was the conflict betwixt Christianity and debauchery of the Roman Empire (LeRoy, 2008). The film narrates the story of Roman military commander who fell in making love with a devout Christian woman known as Lygia, who was a Roman confined because she was raised up as an adopted daughter of Aulus Plautius. The military commander, Marcus Vinicius slowly became intruded by the religion of Lygia. Their love story is narrated in a broader historical context of earlier Christianity and its persecution by Nero (Scodel and Bettenworth, 2009, p. 9). The acts of Nero became highly outrageous gum olibanum he ended up burning Rome and started blaming Christians. Marcus went to save Lygia and her family but Nero captured them and demand both of them, as well as, Christians to be chargeed. However, Petronius, the trusted consultant of Nero cautioned Christians that they will be made martyrs and since he was tired of rabies acts of Nero, Petronius decided to kill himself (Scodel and Bettenworth, 2009, p. 11). Marcus was later arrested due to an attempt of saving the family of Lygia and another person known as prick was killed by being crucified upside down. Peter returned to Rome and married the couple arguing that it was a sign of the lord but he was eventually killed. In short, the story ends where Marcus is released from the prison and marries Lygia. Marcus replaced Nero and eventually great deal in truthized that he was the one who burnt Rome but not the Christians. People wanted to kill Nero but he escaped into the palace where he strangled Poppaea to death claiming that he was the one who essay to scapegoat the Christians. In the palace, the slave of Nero appe bed and offered to help Nero to terminate his life. After the death of Nero, Marcus and Lygia became free thus they left wing Rome. By the roadside, the crosier that Pete r had left after his return to Rome had already miraculously pullulate flowers thus the radiant light uttered I am the way, the truth and the life (Scodel and Bettenworth, 2009, p. 12). The Way Filmmakers phthisis Roman Stories to Discuss Christianity Themes Filmmakers use Roman stories in order to discuss Christianity themes in diverse ways. hotshot of the filmmakers that attempt to reveal the themes of Christianity is the Quo Vadis, which is an American epic film of 1951 that was directed by Mervyn LeRoy. An epic movie is a kind of film, which lays emphasis on human tragedy on a grand level and it is much ambitious in scale that any other genre films. Quo Vadis is one of the epic films because it attempts to reveal real human dramatic events or actions that took place in the ancient Roman. It attempts to reveal the way Christians were persecuted by just about powerful leaders of the historical era in Rome. Quo Vadis is a Latin idiom meaning that where are you going but the mo dern usage of the idiom refers to a Christian tradition regarding Saint Peter (Scodel and Bettenworth, 2009, p. 21). The Filmmakers use Roman stories to discuss the theme of persecution or martyrdom in the life of Christians. For Christians, persecution or martyrdom is one of the significant aspects that strengthen their faith. The crucifixion of Christ and his death at the cross is what altered everything including the rest of Christians. For instance, the epic film of Quo Vadis offers an example of people like Saint Peter and among other Christians who were persecuted because of their

Planning and Control (Project Management) Coursework

Planning and Control (Project Management) - Coursework ExampleAfter completing the two parts provide a range of possible duration of the equipment installation activity that is the activity stand be completed minimum of 13.33 hours and maximum in 15.33 hours. Exercise 5.1 Estimating with PERT Beta Distri exactlyion interrogate 2 Data The exist for design phase of the software development is as follows The beat out scale / lowest cost = $35,000, The thrash matter / highest cost = $60,000, The most classifiable case / likely cost = $44,000 Part A pass judgment Cost = (The best case + 4 * (The most typical case) + the worst case) / 6 Expected Cost = ($35,000 + 4 * ($44,000) + $60,000) / 6 Expected Cost = $45,166.67 Part B monetary standard deflection = (the worst case the best case) / 6 quantity Deviation = ($60,000 $35,000) / 6 Standard Deviation = $4,166.67 Part C The part A of the question presents that the expect cost of the developing software finish in the desig n phase which is similar to the $45,166.67. ... After completing the both parts provide a range of possible cost of the design phase that is from $41,000.00/- to $49,333.33/-. Exercise 5.1 Estimating with PERT Beta Distribution interrogative sentence 3 Data From the previous records, the following bits of carpenters are required to complete the job The best case / fewer number of carpenters = 4 carpenters, The worst case / largest number of carpenters = 9 carpenters, The most typical case / likely number of carpenters = 6 carpenters Part A Expected number of carpenters = (The best case + 4 * (The most typical case) + the worst case) / 6 Expected number of carpenters = (4 + 4 * (6) + 9) / 6 Expected number of carpenters = 6.17 Part B Standard Deviation = (the worst case the best case) / 6 Standard Deviation = (9 4) / 6 Standard Deviation = 0.83 Part C The part A of the question presents the expected number of carpenters required to complete the job and after applying the form ula of PERT beta the calculated apprise is 6.17. In the part B of the question the standard deviation of the expected number of carpenters is calculated that is equivalent to 0.83. After subtracting and adding the value of standard deviation from / to the expected number of carpenters, the resulting value would provide us the estimated number of carpenters required to complete the job and the range is from 5.34 to 7 carpenters. Exercise 5.1 Estimating with PERT Beta Distribution mind 4 Dangers allied with PERT Technique The utilization of PERT technique involves several dangers and risks that include but are not limited to the following The PERT technique becomes complicated when

Economics of the UAE Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Economics of the UAE - Research Paper Examplekm..population of three million inhabitants in 2000 (202). However, out of the total population of the UAE, over half are non-nationals. With the discovery of oil colour, the economy of the United Arab Emirates was transformed from an unreliable economy that relied on agriculture, pearling, and fishing, to a high income economy base mainly on oil production. Although there were challenges and opportunities that came with the transformation of the United Arab Emirates economy, its governing has succeed in utilizing the opportunities and confronting challenges. death chair Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan of the United Arab Emirates is working hard to maintain the economic progress that was effected by the nations first president (Al-Abed, Hellyer, and Vine 71). The first president of the UAE established an economic crystalize and liberalization programme, which was high approved by principal international bodies. According to Al-Ab ed, Hellyer, and Vine, due to the development of the UAE oil sector, and growth in other sectors of the nations economy, there is continued advancement in the existent Gross Domestic Product growth of the UAE (71). Liberal economic policies have helped in maintaining sustained economic growth in the UAE, and the UAE government continues to focus on these policies for future sustained growth. Apart from the oil industry, the UAE government has continued to pay attention to the shipping, tourism, media, financial and commercial services, industries, and the manufacturing sectors of the UAE economy that have contributed to economic growth in the emirates. The economic development of the United Arab Emirates began in the 1970s. In 1989, the real GDP growth was 11%, rest at 33.7 billion US dollars (Federal Research Division 74). In 1991, crude oil production increased, wherefore increasing oil and gas exports. The level of imports for

Is Downsizing unethical Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Is curtailment unethical - Essay ExampleInsofar as the actions that managers take are in accordance with their honourable and reasoned obligations toward the firms owners, any decisions resulting from those actions would not necessarily be perceived by them as unethical. Based on this reasoning, decisions made by top management to adopt and implement the downsizing alternative, with the objective of ensuring the financial wellness of the firm, would be in the best interest of the firms owners. Subsequently, the ethics of downsizing is not likely to be a conscious consideration as top management formulates downsizing decisions.According to Kantian theory, employee rights are irreducible - that is, they are not to be abridged arbitrarily. This theory also suggests that employees are legally entitled to shift and equal access to any rights guaranteed them by law. Legally, employees are entitled to randomness (i.e., advance notice) concerning layoffs (Cabot, 1988). The concept of rig hts suggests that employees go through the right to as much information as possible about the organization they work for, their job, possibilities of move use of goods and services, and any other information necessary for job enrichment and development (Werhane, 1985).In downsizing situations, particularly during the dish of communicating to employees aspects of the downsizing that will affect them and their job, violations of this concept often occur. Pompa (1992) suggests that less than full disclosure of information concerning the downsizing represents the most blatant violation of employee rights. He states that Deontologically, if withholding information constitutes deception which limits employees informed choice about their work status, then it violates the Kantian imperative to treat others as ends in themselves, not simply as means (pp. 148-149). With respect to downsizing, the concept of rights would argue that employees have rights that must not be violated during the formulation and implementation of the downsizing alternative. When these rights are denied, employees are likely to perceive that ethical violations have occurred. retrenchment and the violation of implied contractsWhat makes a discussion of the ethical implications of downsizing problematic is that there are (save for situations in which collective bargaining is in force) no explicit contractual, legal, or regulatory violations involved. Because employment-at-will is the dominant paradigm for workplace relationships in the United States, recourse to specific legal remedies is limited for employees who have experienced downsizing. There is, in short, no statutory or common-law right in American jurisprudence to have continuous employment with a particular employer, although workers in statutorily-protected classes (like women, older workers, and African-Americans) may have claims if they can demonstrate that their individual dismissals were due(p) to unlawful bias (Lee, 1995). A discussion of the ethics of downsizing that focuses on contractual claims will then necessarily rely on psychological and social contract theory rather than a legal analysis.In short, the fact that many societal (and for that matter, personal) expectations of employers are neither codified into law nor included in a formalized contract is not necessarily fatal

Writing assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Writing assignment - try out ExampleBut I think utilisation of alga as a biofuel among the alternatives is the most scotch and practical alternative.Academic research on the uses of algae started over 30 decades ago, and because of its growing importance, research activities are intensified over the years. To date, scientific studies are being done by over 200 universities ecumenic on the feasibility of using algae as a substitute. (Algae.com)Research showed that algae could easily admit the demands for 31 million crude oil. Algae is grown on many ocean floors n the united States. In contrast to corn, sugar soy and sunflower used as biofuels, algae does not require much caring to grow(view attached picture of a non-forested area of an algae farm). It does not require modify of rainforests, fertile farmland or fresh water to grow. As compared to other feed stocks, algae produces to a greater extent gallons per acre than soya, rape seed, mustard and touch. Algae produces 10,0 00 US gallons per acre, soya- US 45 gal Rapeseed 110-145 us gal palm oil -650 US gal.(Thurmond, Will. 2009) He claims that algae alone can accumulate the requirements as a doable substitute for entire global fossil requirements. Algae can be used as biofuel, ethanol, methane, commons fuel and a lot more. Thus, algae provide a wide opportunity for investment.Due to its practicability, 32 countries worldwide table service as collection centers, while 70 companies are involved in heartiness commercial research. Algae has market potential because US and EU cannot produce enough corn and meet targets while research showed algae has enough capabilities to meet these demands. As potential targets, algae can serve the military that is the number 1 consumer of diesel fuel. Algae biofuel can also serve passenger cars that use gasoline and diesel. Algae production hopes to meet the target of Federal FRS36 billion gallons by 2022.As of 2008, algae

World War I Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

introduction state of contendfare I - Essay ExampleFirstly, no former(a) warfare has involved governments, societies and populations of the participating nations in its service to such an extent. It was truly a war of nations pronounced by tremendous enthusiasm, youthful volunteerism, and industrial mobilization, a mixture of anxiety and elation and nationalism (Bartov, n.p). The war demonstrated the power and intellect of the modern and industrialized states and accompanied drastic political and social changes. It brought the social unit nation to the home front men, women, soldiers, government, and ministers everyone was involved in it. The war evoked the sense of patriotism no other war had been able to bring out, and it reorganized societies to participate in it in an economic, social and phantasmal sense (Bartov, n.p). People believed and supported their nations at the cost of their lives because they believed that the victory of their country was worth the cost. All the ho rrors of only the ages were brought together non only, armies but whole populations were thrust into the midst of them. (MacElroy 16). Second most important dry land for it being called a total war was its impact on the industrial revolution. It was the first global industrial war which was dominated by industrial weaponry, tanks, machine guns and militarism. As Omer Bartov has described in the first hardly a(prenominal) pages of chapter 1 of his book, Mirrors Of Destruction that World War I brought with itself a new style of warfare not even perceived by the people who were fighting it (Bartov, n.p). The war had in itself an extraordinary expression of idolatry not just to the nationalism but also to the notion of the war itself (Bartov, n.p). 2. Why World War I was considered different than conflicts in previous decades? World War I was considered different because it changed the tactics employ by all countries earlier. It was the first time modern machinery, trenches and p oison gas was used on the theatre (World War I). This war was marked with an era of change brought by it as everything was changed from uniforms to nurture of soldiers. Particular battalions were used to fight this special battle, and it was the first conflict in which attrition was used against the enemy. Fields heavy weapon was used to defend the enemy. The entire way of fighting battle was changed. Even the international system was completely transformed. On one side, dictatorship emerged out of the war, whereas on the other side, a communist movement emerged O.K. by the Soviet Union. It was at this time that America became a world power, and the British Empire muzzy its status from being the world power to the second-class power (World War I). Moreover, the war brought with it the break of the major participators when it was decided at the peace conference of 1919 to break the defeated central powers (World War I). WWI was marked with an industrial revolution faced by no ot her war before and was fought on such a huge scale that no other war had integrated so many participators as world war I did. The consequences and effects of this war out cattle ranch to every corner of the land, and the specialized armies at the front contained members of every social group and region of the country. 3. WHY WAS THIS fight CALLED TO BE A WAR WITHOUT END? World War I was a war abundant by its very nature. The war never ended in its real essence but gave nativity to many unfinished stories. It brought with it massive destruction, killing of millions of people, collapse of four major empires and devastation of many continents, and its repercussions spread to many nations. It is called a war without end because it paved the road to World War II

Diabetes Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Diabetes - Research Paper ExampleDiabetes describes a root of metabolic diseases in which the roundbody has high blood glucose, also known as blood sugar, any because insulin production in the body is inadequate or the bodys cells do not respond properly to insulin, or both occur at the same time (Nordqvist). Furthermore, he states that people with diabetes have frequent urination, become increasingly thirsty and hungry. The following atomic number 18 the major symptoms of diabetes constant tiredness undetermined tip loss excessive thirst excessive urination excessive eating poor violate healing infections such as yeast infections of the genitals, skin infections and frequent urinary tract infections altered mental status shown through agitation, unexplained irritability, inattention, extreme lethargy or confusion and finally, blurred vision (Ferry). If a person experiences these symptoms, he or she should call a health care professional for assistance. at that place are m any another(prenominal) factors that contribute to mavins getting diabetes, which include genetics, lifestyle, and the environment in which a person lives. Family level (genetics) is a factor in the development of diabetes but it alone does not determine the onset of the disease moreover, some people are born with a sensitivity for the disease but that environmental factors are needed to trigger the disease (Chandler). Age is also a factor in determining whether one has diabetes or whether he has the potential to have it and an example of this is in the case of juvenile diabetes which is usually diagnosed during childishness or young adulthood. Obesity is a major risk factor with eighty to ninety percentage of all diabetes patients being obese. A high fat diet and extra body fat usher out make the liver increase the production of glucose. A lack of physical activity in increment to contributing to obesity also increases the risk of developing diabetes because during exercise, the cells in the body take in sevensome to twenty times more glucose than it does at rest. However, while genetics play an important role, an individual unruffled has the responsibility to take very good care of their health to prevent diabetes (Stoppler). She insists that people should watch their weight and exercise more to ensure that the probability of getting the disease especially those with a genetic predisposition to do so, is greatly reduced. Furthermore, diet is also important because it helps with weight loss because there are some foods such as nuts which when consumed in small amounts provide benefits in blood sugar regulation. There are some tests available which can be used to see whether a person is at an increased risk of getting the disease and these should be done frequently to ensure that there is primeval detection of the disease. Smoking is harmful in many ways because it not only increases the risk of crabmeat and heart disease, but it also increases the r isk of developing diabetes. There are numerous national organizations that shoot research and provide information and physical referrals for cases of diabetes. A very good example is of this is Diabetes Australia, which is an Australian non derive organization which works in partnership with diabetes consumer organizations, health professionals, educators, and researchers to minimize the

Nursing Learning Experiences Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

care for Learning Experiences - Coursework ExampleThe study analyses the nine essential aspects that outline the results expected of graduates of baccalaureate nursing. The essentials enhance a nurse graduate to work in diverse fields because they oblige an individual to integrate skills, companionship and attitudes developed from the study in his or her daily activities. The nine essentials are the key to nursing activities they fill learning and portraying knowledge and skills in all aspects of nursing. Through this essential, nurses learn that good cohesion betwixt a nurse and the community is very essential in nursing profession. It enhances success in near of the activities involving patient care. According to The Essentials of Baccalaureate Education for Professional Practice (2008), liberal education constitute handsome understanding of wide scope of perception, cultures, social practices, and ability to implement the learnt elements in overcoming complex problems and c hallenges. From this, it is plain that nurses do learn that having broad understanding of different cultures as well as social practices assist significantly in offering nursing care to patients from different backgrounds. It is also evident that broad understanding of science as well as arts enables a nurse to solve complex problems and challenges associated with nursing care. It is evident that broad understanding of cultures as well as social practices enables a nurse to advance his or her leadership skills through intermingling with people of different societies and cultural practices easily.

Suture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Suture - canvas ExampleSuture was a neo-noir film of 1993 directed by David Seigel and Scott McGehee and it features actors Mel Harris and Dennis Haysbert. On that note, the photographic image both constructs the characters identity and undermines the identity for the film viewers in several ways. For example, after Vincent Towers kills his father, he decides to fake his death (Grieveson & Wasson 98). Similarly, he attempts to murder his half-brother, Clay Arlington acted by Dennis Haysbert as a mechanism to variety identities. This aspect helps in establishing the photographic image traits of Vincent in the context of the cinematic disparities. From the movie, we see that Vincent is white term his identical brother who is forced to acquit amnesia after a bomb to protect him is bare. This sequent supports the Apparatus theory that insists that, by nature, cinema is driven by ideological mechanics. Therefore, this is app arent because through the Lacans Mirror Stage effect that expounds on the value of self-identity and consciousness. On that note, while there is an element of a photographic image construction, there is also distortion of identity for the film viewers. For example, when Clay loses his memory and suffers amnesia, Dr. Renee Descartes attempts to embolden his retrieval but his brothers comes back to kill him again. This results in the murder of Vincent Towers instead of his half-brother thus incite Clay to adopt a, genuine permanent, identity (Chaudhuri 83). This decision affects most film viewers because it does not cooccur with Lancans notion of the Mirror stage that insists on self-identity and consciousness. Alternatively, there is a way in which the schema of dis-identification in Suture undermines what Laura Mulvey calls the normative opthalmic pleasure of the film spectator. For example, Laura expounds on three different techniques of think a film that entail watching as the camera records the real events of the film, watching th e film and interaction of characters in the film. Therefore, as observed in Suture the loss of identification of Vincent Towers who fakes himself is manifest of the violation of the visual pleasure. Similarly, the loss of Clay Arlingtons memory after suffering amnesia prevents the film spectator from interacting with the of import characters in the film because of lost identity. In addition, the themes of betrayal and denial that are espoused by the main characters are an indication of the manipulation of the normative visual pleasure fronted by Laura Mulvey in her essay (Grieveson & Wasson 109). Furthermore, after the retrieval of his lost memory with the help of Dr. Max Shinoda, Clay is undecided on how dispose of one of his identities. This continues to dilate the aspect of visual pleasure because the film spectator is denied the chance to think on the loss and recovery of identity. Therefore, because Suture takes away pleasure, there is a social function concerning race and c lass that is at impart in the film. For example, Vincent Towers is a white who murdered his brother but tries to cover up using his black brother, Clay Arlington. This is an example of the disparity of racial boundaries because a white brother compels his black brother to suffer in order to get away with crime. On the same length, there is a determination by Vincent Towers to murder his

Factors that Led to Rapid Industrialisation of Japan Essay

Factors that Led to Rapid Industrialisation of japan - Essay casingIt is evidently clear from the discussion that reformation of the economic system involved introduction of a incorporate modern currency (yen), development and restructuring of the banking system, improved commercial laws and taxation system, stock exchanges, and improvement of the communications network. populace of a new institutional framework that would suit the capitalist system was also among the primary line of work of the Meiji government. However, it was not until the early 1890s that this long process was completed, and by that time, the government had about entirely ceased the shape of direct control over the process of industrial enterprise due to increasing cipher deficits due to a high cost of modernization. However, though most of these reforms have also been implemented by various European states their success and success of the industrialization process differed substantially. Evidently, the se template reforms had to be undertaken in a favorable environment otherwise the outcome would have hardly been successful. There were several study factors that contributed to the rapid and successful industrialization of Japan. Advanced technologies transferred to Japan from the industrialized Western states such as Britain and the United States play one of the major roles in stimulating early and rapid industrialization of the country. The essence of that transfer of technologies was the transplantation of factory-based production systems.This forward motion was promoted by the Meiji government that played the key role in setting up the scene for Japans rapid industrialization. However, it was not until the early 1890s that this long process was completed, and by that time, the government had almost entirely ceased the practice of direct control over the process of industrialization due to increasing budget deficits due to a high cost of modernization. However, though most of these reforms have also been implemented by various European states their success - and success of the industrialization process - differed substantially. Evidently, these template reforms had to be undertaken in a favorable environment otherwise the outcome would have hardly been successful. There were several major factors that contributed to the rapid and successful industrialization of Japan. Advanced technologies transferred to Japan from the industrialized Western states such as Britain and the United States played one of the major roles in stimulating early and rapid industrialization of the country. The essence of that transfer of technologies was the transplantation of factory-based production systems. This approach was promoted by the Meiji government that played the key role in setting up the scene for Japans rapid industrialization. Import of the workshop equipped with modern machinery was the central element of Meijis policy aimed at catching up with and overtaking i ndustrialized western states. The list of industrial sectors targeted by the Meiji government within the framework of its industrialization policy was large and included not only defence-related (shipbuilding and others), but also a variety of well-bred industries that produced different goods and products for both the local and overseas market (silk-reeling, cement, glass, cotton spinning, etc).

This assignment allows you to determine the specific details about the Essay

This assigning allows you to determine the specific details about the fictitous company in order to conduct an environmental conk out of this company - Essay ExampleThe two owners take c atomic number 18 of the managerial aspects of the business, including financial forecasting chronicle and dealing with suppliers and buyers (there are no other salaried employees).Right now the business is facing long competition from rival manufacturers. As the operation is relatively small, producing only 6,000 units of output per month, they cannot enjoy economies of scale that are available to larger manufacturers, these manufacturers also have much clout over their suppliers (or have integrated backward operations) allowing for a lower cost of raw material which translates into lower prices for their customers. Similarly, challenging is the inflow of imported manufacturing separate from economies like China, Japan and Germany which can compete at prices lower than local prices. Government policies enhancing free backing and lowering of trade quotas means that without legislative protection, they have to submit more efficient and effective slipway of processing if the business is to remain afloat.The relative competitiveness in the market along with threat of spic-and-span (more powerful) entrants will decide whether the business can continue to run or will have to be shut down. With the recession of 2008, the economy took a severe downturn and because of financial security concerns, the banks were reluctant to go by out loans to small businesses. The two partners started their business on self finance and in order to introduce new technology or managerial staff to run their business they will need more resources than they have on hand. Their focus for the past few months has been to form strong relationships with their current customers, including car dealerships, accelerate shops and the used car market, through strategic marketing and PR platforms. But at the moment they cannot run into customers in the car manufacturing sector as they dont have the capacity to bring in large orders of

UKs Land Use Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

UKs Land Use preparedness - Essay ExampleThis responsibleness is vested with the stead of the Deputy Prime Minister in England, in Wales and Scotland the Welsh Assembly Government and the Scottish executive director respectively. In addition these departments have to develop national planning policy guidance within which local authorities have to function (British Geological Survey, n.d.).The endeavour of the Planning Practice Standard is to develop the environmental impact assessment, EIA, as a planning tool in fix up to promote the objectives of town and pastoral planning. This PPS updates the RTPI Practice Advice Note 13, published in 1995, to reflect the requirements of the amended EIA Regulations, which came into effect in 1999. In order to implement the European Directive 85/337/EEC, as amended by the Directive 97/11/EC, legislation on environmental impact assessment has been introduced in the UK. Section 71A of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990, contains the requir ement to carry out EIA of certain planning proposals. (The Royal Town Planning Institute, 2001).The employ of land determines irrevocably the fate of natural and semi-natural ecosystems and consequently, sustainable development is ably assisted by genius conservation policies and their relations with land use exemplify the importance being accorded to planning. This process makes it essential to open fundamental links between developments in particular localities and environmental changes on a world - wide-cut basis. This methodology requires the betrothal of a strategic approach to the conservation and enhancement of biodiversity (Cowell and Owens 2002). The basic human responsibility to protect and improve the environment for the benefit of present and future generations was expressed on the global level as early as 1972, in principle 1 of the Stockholm Declaration, but the Aarhus Convention is the root international legal instrument to extend this concept to a set of legal obligations (Stec and Casey - Lefkowitz 2000).Land-use planning is concerned not only with site breastplate but of late it is proving of immense relevance in the adoption of a proactively strategic approach to the conservation of nature. This approach must not only concentrate on preservation of what has survived but more importantly, it has to address itself to the problem of habitat restoration and enhancement. In the UK this change is megascopic in legislation and in the guidance being provided to the local planning authorities from government, statutory agencies and non-governmental organisations, for ensuring the protection of the biodiversity. Planning and nature conservation policy have been influenced to a great extent by the a la mode(p) interpretations of sustainable development, especially those which involve the concepts of environmental capital and capacity. The role of land use planning has been highlighted by European legislation and in particular the Habitats Dire ctive, which aims to conserve European species and habitats. This Directive, enjoins upon national governments the requirement to nominate peculiar(prenominal) Areas of Conservation (SACs), which are to be provided with stringent protection. That there are limitations to this approach is borne out by the situation that, despite their protected status, many sites have been lost or damaged as a conclusion of land-use change. The major culprit in this aspect has been development as defined in town and outlandish planning legislation, which has

Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union, 521 U.S. 844 (1997) Essay

Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union, 521 U.S. 844 (1997) - Essay voiceThe CDA provisions were in tandem with Christian faith and the Holy bible which deplores immorality. The book of 1Thessalonians 43 states, For this is the will of God, your sanctification that is, that you abstain from sexual immorality. The Bible also states in the book of Proverbs 2917, Correct your news and he will give you comfort He will also delight your soul. This act seek to safeguard upbringing of children by shielding them from a filthy society that threatens corrupt their morality.However, in the flake of Reno vs. American Civil Liberties Union, the court of Supreme upheld a previous lower court decision that the CDA violate two existing provisions of the constitution. The CDA act violated the first amendment that provided freedom of speech. The CDA was found also violating the one-fifth Amendment by virtue of vagueness of its words such as inauspicious and patently offensive (Law.cornell.edu, 2014). The judges last-place ruling resonates with an incidence in the Bible where Jesus disregarded Mosaic Law in assemble to protect a more fundamental right in the book of John 87-8 where he saved an adulterous woman from a mob that wanted to stone her, as required by the Mosaic Law. He, who is without sin among you, let him be the first to throw a stone at her and when they perceive it, they began to go out one by one, beginning with the older ones...Justice John Paul Steven accepted the fact that the government had the responsibility to protect minors from sexually explicit materials but expressed his caution that the provisions unnecessarily suppressed the right to provide information to adults which could be educative. For instance a watchword on birth Control practices. The court was also concerned with the criterion used to define indecent materials or communication. The court argued that CDA community standards criterion implied that other nation- wide internet commu nication would be

What is a Clausewitzian definition of war Essay

What is a Clausewitzian definition of contend - Essay ExampleTo some, it is an act of glory while for others the same activity appears as a gory to them.Carl Philipp von Clausewitz was a soldier from Prussia. He is acknowledged as a great force historian and military theorist. He is or soly famous for his military treatise known by the name of Vom Kriege translated into side of meat as On War. His theories archiveed in this book make him the author of one of the most celebrated contemporary theories upon war.Although Clausewitz participated in many wars, yet he always retained his interest in examining military theories and war tactics. Clausewitzian definition of war encapsulated in his famous On War is a systematic, certain and philosophical examination of war in all its perspectives of both the way he saw it and he was being taught. On War is considered as the wests premier document throwing light on the philosophy of the war. His contentions regarding war and the art of war e fare was so detailed and carefully sorted out(a) that he could only finish a part of the treaty at the time of his death. Clausewitz revised the document in the year 1827 and just before his death he added some more thoughts into the portion traffic with counter - insurgency and different forms of war apart from the War Between the States. Clausewitz and Tolstoy both were much influenced by the events of the Napoleonic era.Clausewitz rendered a long intricate definition of war based on his first devote observation and experience that he gathered during the French revolution and Napoleonic era .The definition of war given by Clausewitz does not only throws light on the considerable historical research into the war,. It withal reshaped the Clausewitzs strong interest in art, science and education. Clausewitz defined war as nothing nevertheless a duel in an extensive scale. If we would conceive as a unit the countless come of duels which make up a war, we shall do so best by su pposing to ourselves two wrestlers. Each strives by

Perception and Evaluation of Risk and Uncertainty Essay

Perception and Evaluation of Risk and Uncertainty - analyze ExampleThis research will help in knowing public responses to any new applied science and the development of new risk management strategies. Social and cultural factors affect perception and acceptance of risk. This is because pack try to emphasize on particular risks that they see as important, in order to control what others be thinking and make them believe them, all in trying to make sense out of what is misadventure to the world mostly through new technology.Starrs research concluded that acceptability of risk from an activity is slightly proportional to the third power of the benefits for that activity and the public will accept risks from voluntary activities (such as skiing) that be roughly 1000 times as great as it would tolerate from involuntary hazards (such as nourishment preservatives) that provide the same level of benefits (Slovic, 1987, 282). Also studies have shown that perception of risk can be qua ntifiable and predictable.There are models that are used to show the relation between perceptions, behavior and qualitative characteristics of hazards. These models are Factor-Analytic Representations and Accidents as Signals. Eventually riskiness means a lot to people than expected number of fatalities. In order to carry out a good research, both parties, the public and the experts have to contribute on how they perceive risk.Risk assessment is a methodology used for evaluating the environmental risks of new technologies. Agriculture has evolved since the earliest 1940s in order to provide enough food for various countries, but the need of victorious great care of the environment has increased and rules and regulations have been made to protect the environment. Risk assessment in any case involves the process of identifying risks and their seriousness, so that decisions can be made on whether or not the technology should be used and how to proceed with it. However, risk assessme nt has its own serious limitations. This is

How Does the Iranian Nuclear Program Affect the GCC Countries National Research Paper - 1

How Does the Iranian atomic Program Affect the GCC Countries National Security - Research Paper Examplethe United States and the United solid ground proved that Iran had the economic strength to support its nuclear program and so the worry arose on the consequences of much(prenominal) an expedition on the security of the world and that of the GCC countries (Hagel & Loeb, 2014).The resistance that the whole project has faced has been as a result of the concerns that such a serious and delicate sue can cause to the whole world. darn the GCC countries feel that it is their right to take care of the world by controlling such a process involving nuclear effect, the Iranians feel that the concerns being raised are pre-textual and malicious and aimed at preventing it from getting the nuclear power that it needs urgently (BBC News, 2014).According to Hagel & Loeb, 2014 the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) has expressed its concerns over the Iranian nuclear program. The GCC countries inclu de the demesne of Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and The United Arab Emirates. These countries possess a significant economic interdependence both in economic, politics, culture and also in religion. Since Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and the UAE are major Oil exporting hubs, they have a significant economic dependence and setting of policies that govern the oil trade. On the other, Qatar is well known for producing cancel gas and since this lies in line with the oil production it serves as a uniting factor among the countries. about all citizens in the GCC countries are Muslims which serves as a uniting and common factor to help fuse them further. The political status of the countries in the GCC umbrella is based on the Islamic religion as it is the rife one in the region. Though Iran is not a member of the GCC, the nuclear program has been viewed as a direct threat to the GCC countries and so they have resisted it in one accord.The national security of any d emesne involves maintaining the survival of the state through the use of its economic power and setting of foreign

Daoism and Confucianism Essay Example for Free

Daoism and Confucianism EssayDaoism and Confucianism atomic number 18 two of Chinas oldest and most pervasive philosophies. They arose during the same full stop in Chinese history, c each(prenominal) in wholeed the Hundred Schools of Thought, a clock time often marred by unrest and feudalistic strife. Both philosophies reflect this, as their overarching goals are to seek order and harmony in ones life, birth with society, and the universe. Confucianism is a philosophy originated by the Chinese philosopher, Confucius, which teaches that logic and reason contribute solve all tender-hearted problems, and rejects excessive emotion and superstition. Confucianism also teaches that following the traditions of early Chinese culture is the best port to organize society. Traditional ritual, music and poetry are also seen as important tools in maintaining social harmony. Confucius was concerned with matters of human relationships. His philosophy inspires scholars to take up civil service with the goal of building a society ground upon their discernment of good and bad and to desire that which is judged to be good. The focusing of Confucius is to forge a moral society protected from the world. The main book of facts of Confucian teaching is the Analects of Confucius.Daoism on the new(prenominal) hand was started by Lao Tzu, and is mainly concerned with living a balanced life based on following Nature. Lau Tzu saw the congenital world as a sort of teacher which could acquit wisdom to mankind if we only observed it and modeled our lives on what we see in spirit. Extremes are to be avoided, passivity is encouraged over force, going with the flow of things and avoiding conflict is the goal. Lao Tzu rejects worldly concerns, limited intimacy and flawed judgments as creating an imbalance in the spirit of things. The way of Lao Tzu is to allow man and nature to come into a harmonic coexistence.So, to boil it all down to one point, Taoism is all about mans relationship with nature, while Confucianism is about mans relationship with his fellow man. Confucianism was created in the early fourth century B. C. E. The founder of Confucianism was Kong Qiu (Kung Chiu), who was natural around 552 B. C. E. in the small state of Lu and died in 479 B. C. E. The Latinized name Confucius, based on the honorific title Kong Fuzi (Kung Fu-tzu), was created by 16th-century Jesuit missionaries in China. Confucius was a teacher to sons of the nobility at a time when formal education was just beginning in China.He traveled from region to region with a small group of disciples, and believed that his philosophy could transform individuals and society into a more harmonious unit. Confucius was non curiously famous during his lifetime, and even considered himself to be a failure. He longed to be the advisor to a powerful ruler, and he believed that such a ruler, with the right advice, could bring about an ideal world. Confucius said heaven and the afterlif e were beyond human capacity to understand, and one should therefore concentrate instead on doing the right thing in this life.The earliest records from his students indicate that he did not provide many moral precepts rather he taught an locating toward ones fellow humans of respect, particularly respect for ones parents, teachers, and elders. He also encouraged his students to learn from e realone they encountered and to honor others cultural norms. Later, his teachings would be translated by authoritarian political philosophers into strict guidelines, and for much of Chinese history Confucianism would be associated with an enduring hierarchy of authority and unquestioning obedience.Confuciuss teachings were carried on and promoted by his disciple Mencius, and, later, by Hsun-Tzu, who lived from about ccc to 235 B. C. E. E. A rationalist form of Neo-Confucianism, an outgrowth of Confucianism, began to gain popularity by dint of the teachings of Chu Hsi, who lived from 1033 to 1107 CE. A more socially oriented Neo-Confucianism became popular through the teachings of Wang Yang-Ming, who lived from 1472 to 1529 C. E. The Analects is a collection of principles enunciated by the Chinese thinker Confucius in conversations with his disciples. mistakable to Proverbs in the Old Testament, the analects depend heavily on analogy and metaphor. They stress the importance not of rules per se, but of ethics, that guide behavior. Never impose on others what you would not choose for yourself. He also unhappy the need for ritual and music. These principles set standards for individual conduct and the administration of government and community. After Confucius died in 479 B. C. E. , his following compiled his teachings in the form of dialogues between him and his students. The resulting collection highly influenced educational, social, and cultural thought in China and elsewhere. cut through the teachings of Confucius is this theme A man should lead an upright life, educ ate himself, and contribute to the betterment of society. The brilliant man, he says, respects elders, cultivates the friendship of good pack, presides over his subordinates with a fair and even hand, continually educates himself, overflows with bed for fellow human beings, and in general sets a good example for others to follow. The Analects are sententious and usually easy to understand. Many of these passages, though presented in the form of conversation, are epigrams that stand alone as wise and memorable admonitions.The statements make frequent use of parallel structure and antithesis. Some say Confucianism is not a religion, since there are no Confucian deities and no teachings about the afterlife. Confucius himself was a staunch relay transmitter of ritual, however, for many centuries there were state rituals associated with Confucianism. Most importantly, the Confucian tradition was instrumental in shaping Chinese social relationships and moral thought. Thus even withou t deities and a vision of salvation, Confucianism plays much the same role as religion does in other cultural contexts.Confucianism is a socio-philosophical system aimed at bettering individuals and society. Its primary goals were to educate people to be self-motivated and self-controlled, and to enable people to assume their responsibilities, which would, in turn, cultivate a better self and a harmonious society. Confucius believed that lawlessness and social problems stemmed from the combination of unenlightened individuals and a social structure without norms. Confucius believed in the Great Ultimate (Tao), which manifests itself in the I, or change. Tao is the cause of I, and generates Yang ( dynamism) and Yin (a passive form).Together, Yin and Yang are seen as complementary images of the energy and tension in a system of counter forces. Tao, or the Great Ultimate, is the first-cause of the universe, a force that flows through all life, but is not a personal being. Ultimately, we are here to discover our real self, which is the nature of Tao. Humans are thought to be inherently good. Through self-discipline, a human is able to question in accordance to Tao and thus pull up stakes enjoy the principle of change. In a practical sense, we are here to better ourselves and society. This is done through education and enlightenment.Daoism was created in China in the Late quaternary century B. C. E. Daoism was founded by Li Erh (better known as Lao Tzu), or Old Master, in the sixth century B. C. E. Lao Tzu was the keeper of the imperial library and the author of Tao Te Ching, or the track record of Dao and Virtue. The specific date of birth of Lao Tzu is unknown. Legends vary, but scholars place his birth between 600 and 300 B. C. E. Lao Tzus wise counsel attracted followers, but he refused to set his ideas down in writing. He believed that write words might solidify into formal dogma.Lao Tzu wanted his philosophy to remain a natural way to live life with good ness, serenity and respect. Lao Tzu laid down no rigid rule of behavior. He believed a persons conduct should be governed by instinct and conscience. Lao Tzu believed that human life, like everything else in the universe, is constantly influenced by outside forces. He believed simplicity to be the key to equity and freedom. Lao Tzu encouraged his followers to observe, and seek to understand the laws of nature to develop intuition and build up personal power and to use that power to lead life with love, and without force.Legend says that in the end Lao Tzu, saddened by the evil of men, set off into the desert on a water system buffalo go away civilization behind. When he arrived at the final gate at the great wall protecting the kingdom, the usher persuaded him to record the principles of his philosophy for posterity. The result was the eighty-one sayings of the Tao Te Ching. The Tao Te Ching was written in China about 2,500 years ago at about the same time when Buddha expounde d the Dharma in India and Pythagoras taught in Greece. The Tao Te Ching is in all likelihood the most influential Chinese book of all multiplication.Its 81 chapters have been translated into English more times than any other Chinese document, and it provides the basis for the philosophical school of Daoism, which is an important pillar of Chinese thought. In Tao Te Ching, it never specifically defines The Way. Its a series of verses, poems, and riddles. It emphasizes control but not dominance, fluidity but not ambivalence, and mystery but not confusion. Dao is analogous to God, but Dao is not a being. Rather, Dao is the source of all and the ultimate reality, and Dao is the cause of all change in life. Dao permeates the universe and is the principle behind all that is.Dao can only be experienced through mystical ecstasy. Daoists seek transformation of their self and physical structure into a cosmic, Dao-focused entity. This is achieved through ritual and meditation. Daoism teaches that there is one undivided truth at the root of all things. Daoism is the organized, indigenous religion of China. From a philosophical standpoint Daoism focuses on Dao, or way, and deals with ideas about naturalness, ease, non-action etc. Physically, Daoism focuses on health through concepts like Qigong and Taiji quan, which involve deep breathing, slow, graceful motions and gentle stretching.From a religious standpoint, Daoism is reflected in many areas, including a social and political vision, rituals, a hierarchical priesthood, talismans and exorcisms. Other Daoism practices include advanced spectral meditation and mystic, ecstatic soul travel. The universe is hierarchically organized in such a way that its entirety is reproduced in its individual parts. Thus, man is a microcosm within the macrocosm (small universe within a larger one). Mans parts correspond to parts of the universe and nature. All is from the Dao, and all will return to the Dao.Daoism was created to reunite with Dao through the transformation from disharmony to harmony. Disharmony causes a destructive or lessen cycle of the atomic number 23 Elements ( metal, forest, earth, water and fire). This cycle consists of metal destroying wood (wood is cut by a metal ax) wood dominating earth through its roots (domination through power) earth mastering water and preventing floods (anti-nature forces) water destroying fire (pollution is caused by anti-nature, and destroys the beauty of the world) fire melts metal (causing pollution).Through personal and social transformation, humans can convert the destructive cycle of the Five Elements into a creative or constructive cycle of the Five Elements. Metal in the earth nourishes underground water (purification) water is the source of life for vegetation, including wood (nourishment) wood is the fuel for fire, which causes ashes, which then form earth (natural recycling). The formation of metal in earth completes the cycle. Daoism has a very recogni zable symbol. It is the Yin-Yang, a striation divided in two equal parts of dark/ discolour (Yin) and light/white (Yang).Within the dark, there is a circle of light, and within the light, there is a circle of dark. The two parts are equal because they signify the balance in the world caused by the Yin and Yang forces in all things. Each has a circle of the other to symbolize that each contains elements of the other, and that each cannot exist without the other. Sometimes, the Yin-Yang symbol will be surrounded with trigrams, or sets of three lines with breaks in various positions. Each trigram stands for a trusted principle in Daoism.

The Influence of Essentialst Attitudes Portrayed in the Modern Day Sitcom on the Views and Beliefs of Modern Society Essay Example for Free

The Influence of Essentialst Attitudes Portrayed in the Modern twenty-four hours Sitcom on the Views and Beliefs of Modern Society EssayThe Influence of Essentialst Attitudes Portrayed in the Modern solar day Sitcom on the Views and Beliefs of Modern Society. Throughout its long history, the sitcom has been commonly understood to define the heathen norms of modern society through such comedy techniques as satire and irony. Like modern society, real characteristics of the sitcom have evolved over time, while others have remained consistent. The evolution of the sitcom coincides with the generational shift in attitudes of society towards certain beliefs and values. So, it would seem that there must be some(a) sort of correlation among the evolution of the sitcom and that of society, as if one is the cause of the other. * * While this can be safely verbalise about the effect of society in shaping the mental synthesis of the sitcom, whether the modern sitcom has a monumental effect on the overtakes and beliefs of society is debatable. This essay will demonstration that, although the modern version of this genre contains essentialist themes and characters, it does non promote essentialism and therefore does not negatively influence society.From the fifties to the eighties, sitcoms have adhered to a rigid structure involving a live studio audience and certain unchanging characteristics that would define the genre. They also conveyed a rattling apparent moral code. In the 90s, Seinfelds seemingly non-existent moral code would see it label by some as apolitical or nihilistic (Gencarella 2005,390). However, even if these aspersions were true, it would not necessarily f tout ensemble out that the audience would agree with these moral values and thus accept them as normal behavior.In any case, Gencarella (2005) argues that, although the four main characters do show an extent of self-interest, their moral behavior does not reflect the teachings of the sho w. Issues of race, gender and politics are still addressed but are presented in a different look than they were ten to forty years ago. * The ingredients of a successful sit-com consistently involve strong, sometimes iconic characters, which very much represent stereotypes. Recent sitcoms have challenged and broadened the idea of traditional stereotypes.For congresswoman, Gencarella (2005,394) argues that the four main characters of Seinfeld represent four translucent political stereotypes the individualist, the hierarchical, the egalitarian, and the fatalist. The way these political stereotypes interact with each other and their community have no uncertainty contributed to the comicality and thus the success of the show. * Unlike the 2005 sit-com The Office (American version), Seinfeld does not consistently display essentialist traits in its characters. It conveys essentialist themes through sarcastic situations involving essentialism.This is none more evident than the follo wing example (The Yada Yada), which Gencarella (2005,398) also uses to describe the egalitarian nature of Kramer * Jerry Those sight can be so touchy. * KramerThose people. Listen to yourself. * Jerry What? * Kramer You think that dentists are so different from me and you? * They come to this unsophisticated just like everybody else in search of a dream * Jerry Kramer, hes just a dentist. * KramerYeah, and youre an anti-dentite * Jerry I am not an anti-dentite * KramerYoure a rabid anti-dentiteOh, it starts with a few jokes and some slurs Hey denty Next thing you know youre saying they should have their knowledge schools * Jerry They do have their own schools Jerry Seinfeld is clearly representing an essentialist point of view towards dentists. The absurdity of the situation, however, entails that this essentialist view is not being endorsed rather it is being loose in a ludicrous fashion. It shows the absurdity of prejudice and racism. This draws comparisons, as Detweiler (2 012,730) explains, to Randy Newmans defense of his arguable song Short People.The song criticises short people in an essentialist manner, describing them as having small voices and little jeweled eyes. Randy Newman explains, that by choosing an object of prejudice so absurd, he might expose the absurdity of all prejudice * In the case of The Office (American version), Michael Scott is blatantly and shockingly racist, sexist and prejudice. The perception that the audience recognizes this view as essentialist, which is the basis of its humor, reinforces the idea that the text does not endorse this kind of behavior.As Detweiler (2012,730) describes, this is further transport by the occasional ironic facial expressions, to camera, of Michaels Scotts colleague, Jim Halpert. Through the clever use of irony it sets an example of how not to act. * Due to the satirical and ironic nature of the sit-com, the question of whether the inclusion of stereotypes and essentialist views warrant a critical review as a conclusively essentialist text depends solely on the audiences interpretation of the text. The sources intention here is irrelevant.

Sampling and Data Collection in Research Essay Example for Free

Sampling and Data Collection in Research EssaySampling is integrity of many ways to conduct research in man service. It consist of superstar or more elements readed from a population. The manner in which we select elements for the sample has enormous implications for the scientific utility of the research establish on that sample (Monette, Sullivan, DeJong, 2011). In order to select a fair sample, you must first settle down what population you want to get the sample from. If you be not able to retrieve a good sample it can result in inaccurate conclusion. A major reason for studying samples kind of than whole crowds is that the whole host is so large that studying it is not feasible (Monette, Sullivan, DeJong, 2011). For example, if a human service worker wants to learn nearly pregnant women or some other large multitude of people it may be hard to study everyone in this group. Another reason for sampling is the breeding is more accurate from c arfully drawn samp les, than it would be if you studied the whole group. There are both types of sampling, luck and non-prob efficiency.Probability sampling is a method of sampling that utilizes some form of random extract (Trochim, 2006). This means that the samples are retrieved in a process that gives everyone in the population an equal chance of macrocosm selected. There are five different methods of probability sampling which are simple random sampling, stratify sampling, systematic sampling, area sampling and estimating sample size. An example of probability sampling is when the telephone surveys randomly select people to call in order to take the survey. Non-Probability sampling is when the researcher does not know the probability of each population elements inclusion in the sample (Monette, Sullivan, DeJong, 2011).There are also five methods of nonprobability which are availability sampling, snowball sampling, quotasampling, purposive sampling, and dimensional sampling. An example for non -probability sampling is conducting research on a oldtimer who is suffering from PTSD and want specific answers. Studying all veterans who suffer from PTSD would be demanding so instead research can be conducted on individuals. If a researcher wants to know about a veteran who suffers from PTSD because of personal trauma instead of PTSD from deployment, non-probability sampling can be conducted.When selecting samples for human service research you should avoid being bias. stroke is defined as any temperament which prevents unprejudiced consideration of a question. In research bias occurs when Systematic error is introduced into sampling or testing by selecting or encouraging one outcome or answer over others. Bias can occur at any phase of research including study design or info collection, as hearty as in the process of selective information analysis and publication (Pannucci MD, Wilkins MD MS, 2010). In order to avoid being bias researchers can make sure that the method tha t they are victimisation will help eliminate sources of bias.Randomization can also help because it will provide the group that has been selected with the same chances of being influenced by the exact same bias. Data Collection There are quaternion levels of bill which are nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio. Nominal measurement is basically categorizing the information or data that is retrieved like sex, ethnicity, and religion. ordinal number measurement is used to rank the information or data collected in order. Interval measurement is using a numerical subdue to measure in intervals. Last but not to the lowest degree ration measurement has all the characteristics of interval measurement but with zero point as an absolute.In research reliability and Validity is used which is categorized as scales of measurement. Reliability refers to a measure ability to yield consistent result each time it is applied (Monette, Sullivan, DeJong, 2011). For example you number yourself on a scale one day and it reads that you weigh 175 pounds. The next day and the day after that you do the same thing and again the scale reads that you weigh 175 pounds. The scale is reliable because it shows the same burden every day. Validity refers to the accuracy of a measure (Monette, Sullivan, DeJong, 2011). For example the scalemight read that you weigh 175 everyday which makes it reliable but you might weigh 200 pounds which does not make the scale valid. It is important that ensure that data collection methods and instruments are both reliable and valid because if they are not the data you retrieve may be incorrect.There are several methods on how we can gather data like conducting telephone surveys, online surveys, surveys via websites and focus groups. Every type of procedure has corresponding advantages and disfavors. For example, telephone surveys are cheaper and quicker. However, quicker is not always better because using telephone surveys involves shorter period of time, meaning less data is gathered. Telephone surveys also convey no visual contact, which means that you cannot observe the person thats fetching the survey.Online surveys and surveys via website advantages are that they are cheaper, can get results quickly, and you can gather information from anywhere around the world. The disadvantage of internet surveys is not many people would choose to take the time to complete an online survey. Focus groups have an advantage because you can gather data from a large number of people at one time but the disadvantage is that it can be time consuming and the information gathered may be hard to evaluate. If I had to collect data depending on these types of surveys, I would prefer focus group because I would be able to see the group of people I would be interviewing as well as gain insight of the people in the focus group.ReferencesMonette, D. R., Sullivan, T. j., DeJong, C. R. (2011). Applied kind Research. A wight for the Human Services (8t h Ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. Pannucci MD, C. J., Wilkins MD MS, E. G. (2010, August). Identifying and Avoiding Bias in Research. Plast Reconstr Surg, 126(2), 619-625.Trochim, W. M. (2006). Web Center for Social Research Methods. Retrieved from http//www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/sampprob.php

Essay on poverty Essay Example for Free

Essay on penury EssayThere are legion(predicate) reasons for pursing a nobleer education. A few persons revel in the in pronounceectual excitement of academic exploration, others consume not only the knowledge that college provides but all the affectionate dimensions associated with italcoholic stimulated parties, erotic adventures with new friends, athletic events and intramural sport participation, etc. But for intimately persons, a significant, maybe even the dominant reason, for going to college is that it supposedly will improve ones prospect of acquiring a good line of reasoning. In a sense, a college degree has long been considered a ticket to the middle classan adult life with a good income and relatively high job security. From the standpoint of society, efforts to expand college graduation attainment rates have been justified by President Obama and major foundations (for example, Lumina and Gates) on a need to be competitive with other nations which have a large r correspondence of adults with college degrees.This study argues that the conventional wisdom that going to college is a human capital investment with a high pay pip is increasingly wrong. Evidence shows that currently more than one-third of college graduates hold jobs that governmental employment experts tell us require less than a college degree. That proportion of underemployed college graduates has tripled over the past four decades. In 1976, Harvard economics professor Richard Freeman wrote about The Over-Educated Americanat a time when most college graduates, at the margin, entered professional, managerial and scientific positions traditionally considered jobs for college graduates. If we were overeducated at that point in time, what is the case today? Moreover, the push to sum up enrollments has led to a majority of the increment of our stock of college graduates finding employment in relatively down in the mouth skilled jobs, most of which are not particularly high payin g (although there are exceptions).We added somewhat 20 million college graduates to the population between 1992 and 2008, for example, but the number of graduates holding jobs requiring less-than-college education skill sets rosiness during that same period by about 12 million in other words, 60 share of the total increase in graduates over the past two decades was underemployed. Anecdotally, most persons can see this is their routine lives. For example, the senior author was startled a year ago when theperson he hired to tailor-make down a tree had a masters degree in history, the fellow who situated his furnace was a mathematics graduate, and, more recently, a TSA airport inspector (whose job it was to insure that we took our shoes off while going through security) was a recent college graduate. Actually, these individuals are far more typical of many recent college graduates than is commonly supposed.

Piece of irony Essay Example for Free

Piece of irony hearHis odyssey then comes to a halt, as he perceives his friend, Henry Clerval. Coming across this memorable person allows him to stop his horror and misfortune it allows him to feel calm and serene joy. They exchange stories and Victor reveals the scenario of his created monster. Henry believes it is a broken imagination, but the pertinacity of the allegory allows it to become believable. Where will Frankenstein go from here? This chapter is of pure significance to how the story is concluded. It creates suspense, knowing there is a vile monster on the loose. Where will it go? What will it do?This chapter allows new themes to be created. Death Love What will this mean value for Frankenstein? Will he live or will he die? How will this gothic legend conclude and what effect will this monster have on the communities welfare? The character of Frankenstein should be immensely appreciated. Is Frankenstein who we think he is? From previously take on chapters, we see the emotional and diligent side of Frankenstein. He is seen to be energetic, beneficial, well-mannered a man of decisiveness who would in capacitate at the thought of failure. However, chapter 5 emphasizes the indolent and non-progressive side of Dr.Frankenstein. We see this by the vogue he reacts to the form and appearance of his unforgettable monster. For pattern, he uses a great phrase With anxiety that just virtually amounted to agony. This suggests that the amount of fear and worry was immensely increasing. Victors feelings towards his creature are negative, consequently his use of irony emphasizes this. virtuoso piece of irony used is I had selected his features as beautiful. Beautiful Great God Victor doesnt mean what he says so he uses sarcasm to overlap his disappointment. Victor also uses a rhetorical doubtfulness to make himself and the reader think.He asks himself how can I describe my emotions at this catastrophe? . This once once more clarifies his negativit y towards the monster. In this chapter, Victor has two main dreams, one being of relevance. His first dream is about the outcome of his creation the beauty that had encountered to disgust and breathless horror. The plunk for of the two dreams is the most abnormal. Victor dreamt that his wife Elizabeth had wandered the streets of Ingolstadt in the bloom of health once embracing her, he kisses her dainty lips and somehow her body reforms to that of his knackered mother, wrapped up in cloth, covered scarcely in graveworms.This is of pure relevance to the rest of the novel as they are seen as signs for what is to come in the future. As it happens, his dream in some phases becomes true. Elizabeth, Victors wife gets killed by his vicious creature. From this stage, Victor is forced to create a companion for the monster not go for to this would lead to more homicides within Victors family. In the novel, Mary Shelley illustrates a poem to correlate with Victors retreat from home. The f irst line of the poem reads Like one, on a lonesome road. Using this sentence suggests that Victor is paseo by himself disassociated with anyone.At this moment in time, he is feeling poorly and anxious about what the consequences hold. The second line reads Doth walk in fear and dread. This emphasizes the fact that he is scared as he triumphants through with(predicate) the streets. The next line reads And having once turned round, walks on. This phrase states that he turns around to see his surroundings, and then continues his journey. Victors feels as if the monster has banished him from Ingolstadt. The following line reads And turns no more his head. This tells us that Victor doesnt want to come in contact with the monster again.At this point, Victor still has the feeling of disappointment and embarrassment in himself. close the poem reads Because he knows a frightful flend. This means he knows a frightful demon, of whom to him is the monster he created. The final line of the p oem reads Doth close butt joint him tread. This means that the monster is perhaps close behind him. At this moment, Victor feels paranoid and weary. Within this gothic novel, Victor includes 3 themes dark science, isolation and weather. one-sided science is used to indicate the creation of the fiend, made from scarce rotted bodily parts. His thoughts are thick-skulled and out of this world.His knowledge takes him so deep into science that his tutor tries to prevent him passing a accepted stage in his medical degree. His aim is to infuse life into an inanimate body. He succeeds, however is scotch with his result. During this theme, it is intercepted by weather. During the lonely nights and experimental days, the dark science compacts with horrid weather. For example it was on a glowering night of November that I beheld the accomplishments of my toils. This tells us that the night the monster was finalised, the night and atmosphere was very dull. Another example of the weather.

Britian And France Over Educational Practices Essay Example for Free

Britian And France everyplace preparational Practices EssayThe conception of mass education is a common feature of industrial societies. It is hold by sociologists that the education arrangement accepts some responsibility in preparing young people for the world of work. It is thinked as an institution where friendlyisation takes place, involving acquisition of knowledge and skills. It with or without intent also helps to shape beliefs and chaste determine. statement is an answer that plays an essential persona in all aspects of society and sparks debates in issues of case economic competitiveness, national identity, and social justice. It is viewed as protecting the status quo and is a crucial element of personal growth and social transformation. The education system has existed since the aboriginal nineteenth century and appears o expand as society progresses.Education in general appears to be shaped by four educational traditions. The first view is cognize as E ncyclopaedism, it is very strongly inherent with the ideas from the enlightenment period. It has been a very influential frame, especially for European countries such as France. This view promotes the idea that valid knowledge should be categorised, codified, and learnt. It promotes the concept that education provides the mogul to think rationally, to reason, which leads to a better society with enlightened people who, from education have the ability to using up knowledge and reasoning with situations they encounter without their lives.The second traditional view is based from a philosophical root cognize as humanism. It highlights the concept that education creates a virtuous individual who posses high qualities of moral values, and high levels of intelligence. The humanism belief is strongly developed from English public grooms and universities. This approach strongly emphasises the role of the academic tutor who in some ways acts as a role model and though their guidance an d example results in the pupil becoming a well rounded individual.The third view is Vocationalism, which is orientated just about the national economy. Its objective is to meet the needs of the national economy for skilled labourers who have the suitable attitude towards work.The fourth tradition is a recent philosophy in education known as Naturalism. This has developed from a combination of psychology, sociology, and philosophy. It highlights the significance of an individual kid, its needs, ability knowledge, and its social world. It is based on the ideology of learning, influences, and interaction from the environment. It is a skill based approach, focusing on learning how to learn* and how the child interacts with its environment, education and other institutions, from which the child develops into a whole person.Although the education systems may have been adapted as time progresses and vary slightly from country to country, the root of education originates from these four views. Therefore similarities can be seen in the education system in Britian and France.(* Extracted from Spyby line 10 pg 222) In some(prenominal) countries France and Britain, majority of children bet preschool. Their compulsory schooling begins around the age of 4/5.The pre-school stage is a period where children in Britain are encouraged to mostly play and develop rather than being taught any academic subjects, where as in France, children at pre school stage encounter formal teaching of subjects such as mathematics and knowledge and writing. In general thither is a higher level of participation in preschool in France than Britain.It appears that the France system bases its pre school system on the Naturalism approach, where by the childs personality, creativity, intellect and socialisation is developed external to the family. From around the age of 5 children in both countries enter first education. At this stage it is apparent that the naive realism ideology concludes an d other traditional views become evident. In primary education thither is similarity in the subjects studied throughout Europe, such as Maths, science, their language, P.E, arts.The History of the France and Britain were similar in the changes they experienced in the 19th century.The primary education in England and Wales was originally based on the humanist tradition in the early 19th century. From the late 18th century,large amounts of children had access to free elementary education from which basic values were conveyed. The Hadow reports 1931 and 1933 changed the structure of schools to form primary and secondary sectors. Primary school was based around developmental psychology, which hence advances the child onto highly differentiated secondary school. The Hadow report was also the basis of the education act in 1944.There had also been a change in the ideology of teachers after war where childcentered learning became an issue with primary school teachers in Britain. In the 70s education in Britain became strongly associated with economic issues thus having a large impact in aspects of education. In turn an Education reform act had been produces in 1988, which impose the National Curriculum. The national plan was strongly based on an encyclopaedism view. It arose problems for teachers as it restricted teachers from having the condenser to apply their professional judgement, and resulted teachers as being messengers of the curriculum to submissive learners.The French system also went through changes around this time. Like Britain the education system primarily prepared labouring class children for the world of work. In the early 90s issues were highlighted where teachers were regarded more as cultural emitters rather than a teacher especially secondary school teahers . Primary school teachers focused on the development of children rather than academic development.The educateion system in both France and Britiain share a common factor of taking interst i n the childs devlopment and both have a nationaal curriculum to comply. The French system however differs compared to Britian in their child centered approach.The French very strongly follow the tradtion of equality, where everyove achieves at the same rate and every individual is treated the same. Therefore a dtrucutres learning curriculum has been implemented where pupils learn at the same rate and achieve at the samt rate. Teachers on France play a crucial role in assisting every individual pupil to a similar stage as each other and unlike the British teachers do not view their professional role as involving curriculum development.There is generally a diffrenc ein the way children are taught in France and Britain. As evident from a study conducted by Sharpe (92) the French primary schools tend to adopt a less child centred approach compared to Britain, they have a formal setting with blackboards and chalk, with desks faced towards the black board where as in Brtian there is mor e diversity in the way the National curriculum is taught, through working in groups, existence of play corners and there is a much more bright colourful displays of childrens work.Another difference in the French and British system is the concept of equality which is promoted on scholls. In the British system there os a emphasis in schools to reseocet multicultural values and other tradtions and cultures each being eccentric and individual. Whereas in the French system the ideology of a single nation culture is strongly promoted.The following stage from primary school is secondary school (in france refered to as lyces professionelles), which the typical age for in both countries is between 10-12.more recently there has been debates amongst the british overment about the way children are taught in primary schools and the very child centered approach has been critised. There has been speculation that the educational practices in Britiain may around resmble the France system in the instructive and the extensive use and structure of the whole class. However these practices can unaccompanied be implemented in the eduacational system through doverment intervention as unlike Britain, such practices in France are more teachers professional culture (Mclean 199

Use and develop systems that promote communication Essay Example for Free

Use and develop systems that promote colloquy attemptReview the argonna of groups and singles whose chat needs must be addressed in your own work trouble role. As an beforehand(predicate) years practitioner converse in spite of appearance the role is an essential skill required in whatsoever panorama and is the foundation in which we ar able to find out in gradationation postulate for different purposes. Having an excellent communication scheme allows for a great team and a boffo setting, at that place atomic number 18 many different means to air with others, some of these atomic number 18VerbalBody actors line/Non- oralSignPictorial inditeAssistedPersonalOrganisationalFormalInformalPublicCommunication affects e actuallyone at heart a greenho subroutine setting and thence is a crucial come apart of managing a babys room. on that point atomic number 18 many groups of people that we interact with while carrying out our day-to-day duties. All members of lag much(prenominal) directors, managers, t severally(prenominal)ers, program line assistants, cleaning staff rely on many different forms of communication to assist with their man-to-man job roles. All job roles come with different responsibilities and without clear and constant communication among them tasks and team example go away be affected. As a manager there atomic number 18 many techniques and approaches we bum curb to collapse up that all members of staff atomic number 18 carryd and rund with in the appropriate manner. For example 5-minute communication meetings each morning, hebdomadal meetings with line managers, team anatomying days, email accounts etc.tera Children indoors the nursery, are an essential part of our daily routine and communication with them is of an equal value, however involves a different approach.Read moreEssay on Use Communication Systems to Promote Partnership WorkingThere are many serious factors to be operaten into considera tion when communicating with kidskinren firstly, it should always be age appropriate, taking into account the address we chose and thelevel of the class. Secondly, what are we trying to achieve from our lesson, and finally, how do we respond to the children trying to communicate to us. These factors or techniques should always be considered by dint ofout our day with the children, with some key examples being circle time, stories, singing, role-play, messy play etc. Parents of children who com to the nursery, play a huge part within a nursery setting and clear communication with them is vital at all times to development a nifty partnership. Different techniques and approaches within a nursery setting should be applied to ensure that all parents gain clear and concise communication in the clear up way.When dealing with parents on a day to day basis, communicate allows teachers and solicitude to s in like mannerl a good relationship between the childrens nursery and home life, therefore allowing us to shake off them at ease and serve well them to generalize and be apart of the nurserys vision and ethos. It is very important to understand that communication does not just involve talk of the town to someone, but about make them feel comfortable to approach a member of staff with any questions, queries or complaints. As management within a nursery it is a requirement to discuss and work closely with all members of staff, parents and children. therefore it is crucial to deem excellent communication skill in order to deal with situations that may involve individuals from outside your nursery. This will assist with the day-to-day running of the nursery, allowing everyone to keep up the high standards. There are many different external personnel groups that a setting will interact with and as a manager ensuring strong communication with them is key. There are various ways of communicating with these groups and again determination the correct approach is paramount. For example meetinging them by telephone, e-mails, setting up meetings within the nursery or at their organisations, reports, recording books etc.1.2Explain how to swear utile communication within your own job role. season managing a nursery, it is essential that the management build good positive working relationships with everyone they communicate with, having the ability to be able to talk openly, honestly and clearly, creating an atmosphere of trust and regarding the needs of others while interacting with them. Within a nursery the management will take on a vast amount of roles and responsibilities throughout their daily routine, and so shouldadjust their approach to communicate in different circumstances if and when needed. Changing communication approaches when developing these relationships with others should attend to deliver the message effectively. Here are some examples of roles which management will undertake advising, instructing, welcoming, observing, informing etc.Management use a variety of different communication methods (shown above in 1.1) to help with the manifold roles they contend with on a daily basis. There are many reasons to be an effective communicator within a nursery, as this will allow the manager to delegate tasks to others, conduct meetings, deliver presentations, supervise, manage appraisals, report, build a team, negotiate and interview etc. Bearing in intellect that being a good and effective communicator is being able to adapt their style to the situation and being able to respond in sensitive and empathetic ways to those who they are communicating with. As well as supporting others to run short an effective communicator, they should role model effectively and reflect daily on their own communication skills.1.3 lose it the barriers and contends to communication within own job role. Effective communication is paramount to running a successful nursery and the management team should always build strong and positive relationships with the people they may communicate with. If these relationships are not built, communication may become limited and will not be communicated on a importation full level with the group or individual delivering or receiving the message, which may capture to create conflict between them. It is vital that the group or individual shows respect for one other(prenominal) while being communicated to as this will help keep in the effectiveness of communication. There are several barriers, which may affect clear and effective communication between a group and an individual making communicate ineffective. Ensuring these barriers are solved the management need to find the correct approach to overhaul them.Some of the barriers that a nursery may be faced with are listed below. Firstly, the difference in culture, set and language is a major barrier within applying effective communication as this could block any important entropy getting through to the appropriate p erson, and therefore affecting the purpose involved. Communicating with the correct language Being aware and knowing the importance of respecting the culturaldifferences could help the manager, group or individual deliver or receive highly effective communication.By developing a respectful queerness about the beliefs and practices within all service users lives, we are able to communicate in more meaning(prenominal) ways. (Miller 2006). Secondly, negative look towards others has a big impact on the way communication is delivered or received. As a human being, liking and getting along with everyone is not expected and during a working nursery milieu interacting with this barrier is incredibly common.Part of negative feelings faeces also be affected by consistence language when communicating with others, as it can be shown good through actions without speaking. Non-verbal communication can have up to five times the impact on a persons fellow feeling compared to words. (Argyle 1978). For example, the attitude, appearance and behaviour of the individual show clear signs of negativity. However, working alongside others is a top anteriority of the managers daily roles and keeping things professional is a major plus when dealing with different situations and is vital to ensure that speech and body language match in order to deliver the message. Finally, a barrier that could challenge effective communication is an inappropriate environment that is being used, could lead to others not understanding the message.Occasionally, the message could be distorted when the environment is too noisy, to hot or cold and crowded etc. Distractions could have another giant impact in the environment as some people may be easily unfocused on the communication given and so could present to the manager poor work. Therefore, ensuring that the nature of environment is appropriate for the communication being delivered or received is an essential part of effective communicate and a s uccessful nursery. For example, staff meetings are in a large enough eye socket for the number of staff with appropriate seating, temperatures in the area are correct, mobile phones turned off in meetings, quiet area to ensure effective communication etc.1.4Implement a strategy to overcome communication barriers.Evaluating and reflecting on previous communication with others supports the management to improve and change their communication strategies if needed, allowing them to identify and take adequate action. For example, within my class, I communicated with a teaching assistant (who is of a differentculture) explaining prep work I will need for the chase week. She did not understand the content of the things I was asking and so I changed my communication method, writing and drawings examples on paper. In respect to cultural, values and language barriers, (an external barrier) staff training should be given, specifically on all types of communication and different strategies th ey could use in regards to different situations. Some examples that we use in my nursery are staff training on victimization home-school communication books with parents, using their nursery e-mail accounts and checking them daily, having parent teacher meetings, using there teaching assistants effectively- having a meeting with them weekly and communicating with them using written communication if verbal has not been successful.Also training to raise cognisance of cultural and religious differences within a nursery. The internal barrier is the body language used when communicating with others here managers need to be aware of how they present themselves to parents, other members of staff and external services. Reflecting on this each time they are in different situations will allow room to improve in the following situation. Through the development of your self-awareness you can resolve past and current issues and, by doing so, you can improve on your skills in the role of manager . (Geldard and Geldard 2003). A technique to improve body language as a manager is through SOLER (Egan).Use different means of communication to meet different needs. There are a vast amount of communication methods, which need to meet many individual needs, a plod of these are verbal, non-verbal, sign, pictorial, written, electronic, assisted, personal, organisational, formal, informal and public. Some of these methods are listed in more detail below. Verbal Communication- During nursery routines verbal communication is used daily, as most staff discover important information this way. However, this is sometimes not enough as verbal communication can also become complicated due to the meaning of words used and how they are perceived between cultures, leading to a possible ineffective form of communication.The words we use alter depending on the situation and the people involved and, because of this, we can never be sure that a word has the same meaning for two people. (Porritt, 199 0). The words managers use are very important and are as equally important as the tone of voice, pitch, volume, rhythm and clock that are included within the talk as it can affect the way the message is delivered. For example, talking to an adult like they were a child and receiving tuts and sighing back, shows signs that the individual does not feel comfortable with the way they are being spoken to. This is called paralinguistic communication, which allows us to see signs through the individuals sounds that they may reply, for example, sighing, coughing, tutting, yawning etc.Non-Verbal Communication- This form of communication uses different factors that we can see without using any kind of speech or sounds. Below is a table containing examples of the different factors individuals may come acrosswhen using non-verbal communication.Facial ExpressionOur facial building communicates emotions unless we train ourselves to mask our feelings. Burnard (1996) argues that it is important t o be congruent- if you say you are angry while smiling, it gives a misidentify mixed message.Eye contact and gazeThe way we look into another persons eyeball during conversation is what is known as eye contact. If somebody can hold eye contact through a conversation, it can communicate a level of confidence and willingness to communicate fully. Some of the people we communicate with will have a very low level of eye contact, which might communicate a lack of ease with the conversation or a lack of confidence. It is a good idea to drop the level of our eye contact to reflect theirs, otherwise it can feel threatening. The appropriateness of maintaining eye contact differs tally to culture.GesturesGestures are movements of your arms and spends that accompany speech. Gestures can help communication, for example, pointing at the direction a person needs to go in can add emphasis to the communication. However too more gesturing can be distracting. Body position, posture and movement .The body position of a client can arrange you a lot about how they are feeling- if they are hunched over, with arms and legs crossed, they are probably feeling quite anxious. Rogers (1980) recommends that we relax and it is important not to appear too formal and distant. However if we are too laid back in pour posture, we could appear disinterested. Sitting with our arms and legs can appear closed in(p) off and defensive. However, in some circumstances, it may be a good idea to mirror the body posture of the person we are with.Personal blank and proximityTwo to three feet distance between the chairs is about right for me however I have noticed that some clients weightlift their chairs back as soon as they sit down in the prearranged chairs. I assume that space does not feel comfortable to them. People seem to have their own invisible boundarieswhich change according to who they are interacting with and how comfortable they feel. Porritt (1990) calls it a bubble that surrounds u s.ClothesThe clothes we choose to wear say a lot about us. Dressing too informally and too formally can alienate us from our clients. Therapeutic raise upTouch can be a contentious subject. On the one hand there is evidence of touch having therapeutic benefits on the other it can be misinterpreted and seen as an aggression of a persons personal space. Bonham (2004) suggests it may be appropriate and supportive for staff to touch when clients are distressed as it may validate the degree of their suffering. He suggests that appropriate places to touch in this situation are hands, forearms, upper arms and shoulders. (Tina Tilmouth, T. et al., 2011).Sign- Using this form of communication is key to those who have sense of hearing impairments and is make up of many gestures, using mainly hands and arms in different signals to communicate. There are different methods of using sign for communicating these are British sign language (BSL), makaton, which helps support speech and baby sign language, which helps communicate with babies and toddlers who have not yet developed their language skills. Pictorial- With this method, communication is primarily through pictures and drawings to communicate effective messages to others. Pictures and drawings are easy to understand and remember, which is why children are shown them from an early age allowing them to understand different instructions.Written- Within a nursery setting, written communication is used a numerous amount of times throughout daily routines. These can be written reports, notes, and e-mails etc. Written communication allows us to be accurate and keep information up to date, while maintaining clear and effective communication. Written communication should be accurate, in detail, up-to-date non-judgemental and legible so that others are able to withdraw it. We also need to comply with confidentiality guidelines and, as such, all forms of written communication must be kept safely. (Donnelly and Neville 2008) . Electronic- Several methods of electronic communication that could be used within a nursery setting boot in mind confidentiality are e-mails, telephone calls, text messaging, web pages, social networking targets, forums and video chats. Some explanations of these methods locatedbelow.1. E-mails are the most quick and convenient method of electronic communication within a setting as messages can be sent to an address immediately, alerting the receiver that they have a newfound message waiting. The receiver can then reply as soon as possible therefore a shorter amount of time for response is predicted. Adding attachments and links may also be included in the mail, showing various images, videos, notices, letters etc. As e-mails are passed back and forth to individuals or groups the conversation between them will preferably be saved, therefore information needed in the future can always be received as long as it has not been eased.2. Telephone calls and text messages are another electronic communication method and can are used vastly within a setting. Telephone calls along with e-mails are one of the biggest communication methods used in any organisation, and can be used both formally and informally. Telephone calls can have disadvantages, however others could be overheard, also the individuals cannot pick up on non-verbal signs shown by the other person. Text messages are easy and informal and can immediately be delivered to one phone or a group of mobile phones, they can also be quicker than a telephone call.A text message could be used instead of a telephone call as it can stop a conversation being overheard. 3. Within a nursery setting, promoting high standards is essential and creating a website could help communicate how excellent the setting is to others. Therefore, another electronic communication method is web pages. Creating a web page for a nursery can help provide others seek information needed about the setting. Web pages can contain different information allowing others to view, for example, text, multi-media files including images, sounds, games etc. Web pages can store this information for a good period of time.4. Social networking sites have become a main electronic communication method over the last 10 years and are a very popular way to communicate with others. A social networking site is made up of individuals that create a profile and build connections with others by a particular type of interest, such as, ideas, values, trades, fashion etc. A nursery setting may becomepart of an online social networking site creating a page about the nursery to maintain effective communication with parents, bearing in mind confidentiality at all times.4.1Explain the legal and ethical tensions between maintaining confidentiality and information sharing. Confidentiality and sharing information is information shared from one individual to another or even to a small group, this information is not to be shared with others and is of t he up most importance when dealing with staff, parents and children within a nursery setting. Confidentiality permits parents to have a sense of trust in members of the nursery staff. Polices are set out for staff to respect and obey daily throughout there routines however, staff only have the right to know relevant information not all, and if this is breeched serious action could be taken.To ensure all staff members understand the policy on confidentiality, training and appropriate guidance and support should be given when needed. (Beauchamp and Childress 1994), defined Confidentiality as keeping secret information given to a person by another. Infringement occurs when that information is break to someone else without the givers consent. Within a nursery setting, all confidential files are kept within a locked cabinet and staff are obliged to keep parent and child information confidential at all times, however confidentiality can be broken when a villainy has been committed or wh en the member of staff believes it is about to, malpractice has occurred, child abuse is suspected, to help prevent suicide, or misconduct has occurred, and only sharing the information to the professionals who need to know. If by law, confidentiality is breeched, then the manager has the right to take disciplinary and/or legal action.